In the European Union (EU), novel foods and Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) are subject to long and costly authorisation procedures and post-marketing requirements. The regulatory frameworks applicable to novel foods and GMOs come into effect based on perceived factors of risk. These “risk triggers” are characteristics of novel foods and GMOs which differentiate them from traditional foods, creating a presumption of risk. Within the EU, consumer acceptance of genetically modified foods and novel foods like insects or cultivated meat is shaped by heuristics and biases, mainly focusing on the “novelty” and “unnaturalness” of these products, resulting in a predominantly negative perception. This paper investigates the close connection between cognitive biases identified in consumer perception literature and the implementation of specific risk triggers in the regulation of novel foods and GMOs in the EU. It subsequently raises concerns about the appropriateness of these risk triggers in forming a presumption of risk for these innovative products.

An interesting resurrection phenomenon (including the initial complete submersion, subsequent resurfacing and final rebounding) of a superhydrophobic sphere impacting onto a liquid bath was observed in experiments and direct numerical simulations by Galeano-Rios et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 912, 2021, A17). We investigate the mechanisms of the liquid entry for a superhydrophobic cylinder in this paper. The superhydrophobic cylinder, commonly employed as supporting legs for insects and robots at the liquid surface, can exhibit liquid-entry mechanisms different from those observed with the sphere. The direct numerical simulation method is applied to the impact of a two-dimensional (2-D) superhydrophobic cylinder (modelled as a pseudo-solid) onto a liquid bath. We find that for the impacting cylinder the resurrection phenomenon can also exist, and the cylinder can either rebound (get detached from the liquid surface) or stay afloat after resurfacing. The cylinder impact behaviour is classified into four regimes, i.e. floating, bouncing, resurrecting (resurrecting-floating and resurrecting-bouncing) and sinking, dependent on the Weber number and the density ratio of the cylinder to the liquid. For the regimes of floating and bouncing, the force analysis indicates that the form drag dominates the motion of the cylinder in the very beginning of the impact, while subsequently the surface tension force also plays a role with the contact line pinning on the horizontal midline of the cylinder. For the critical states of the highlighted resurrecting regime, our numerical results show that the rising height for the completely submerged cylinder of different density ratios remains nearly unchanged. Accordingly, a relation between the maximum ascending velocity and the density ratio is derived to predict whether the completely submerged cylinder can resurface.

The influence of outer large-scale motions (LSMs) on near-wall structures in compressible turbulent channel flows is investigated. To separate the compressibility effects, velocity fluctuations are decomposed into solenoidal and dilatational components using the Helmholtz decomposition method. Solenoidal velocity fluctuations manifest as near-wall streaks and outer large-scale structures. The spanwise drifting of near-wall solenoidal streaks is found to be driven by the outer LSMs, while LSMs have a trivial influence on the spanwise density of solenoidal streaks, consistent with the outer LSM impacts found in incompressible flows (Zhou et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 940, 2022, p. A23). Dilatational motions are characterized by the near-wall small-scale travelling-wave packets and the large-scale parts in the outer region. The streamwise advection velocity of the near-wall structures remains at $16 \sim 18u_{\tau }$, hardly influenced by Mach numbers, Reynolds numbers and wall temperatures. The spanwise drifting of near-wall dilatational structures, quantified by the particle image velocimetry method, follows a mechanism distinct from solenoidal streaks. This drifting velocity is notably larger than those of the solenoidal streaks, and the influence of outer LSMs is not the primary trigger for this drifting.

We prove that the existence of one horosphere in the universal cover of a closed Riemannian manifold of dimension $n \geq 3$ with strongly $1/4$-pinched or relatively $1/2$-pinched sectional curvature, on which the stable holonomy along one horosphere coincides with the Riemannian parallel transport, implies that the manifold is homothetic to a real hyperbolic manifold.

Digital technology has enormous potential in rural revitalisation, thus providing impetus for improving the well-being of rural residents in underdeveloped areas. This study takes the policies of e-commerce in rural areas as an intervention in the development of e-commerce. It uses the panel data from 321 counties in the old revolutionary areas of China from 2003 to 2020 to empirically explore the impact of e-commerce development on the income of rural residents. Results show that e-commerce significantly improves the income and well-being of rural residents in old revolutionary areas. Propensity score matching and entropy balance matching are used to overcome group differences in covariate features, and the estimation results are consistently robust. In terms of mechanisms, e-commerce development increases per capita income in old revolutionary areas by promoting three aspects significantly: agricultural revitalisation, non-agricultural employment, and government support efforts. On the other hand, the heterogeneity analysis shows that e-commerce plays a diminishing role in increasing income in the eastern, central, and western regions.

Illegal poaching brought elephant species to the brink of extinction; therefore, international trade in ivory has become regulated by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Flora and Fauna (CITES). However, the trade is still allowed for antique items, standing for ivory from a period before 1947 within the European Union. This could serve as a loophole for the laundering of modern ivory. In the described case of the Happy Fisherman statuette, the traded item was declared to be antique, but radiocarbon analysis proved a modern provenance, and the statuette was confiscated. The radiocarbon analysis was later confirmed by information from a Chinese newspaper found inside the statuette. Based on the findings, we strongly recommend careful consideration of each individual ivory piece offered for sale, with a thorough inspection of the items and related documentation carried out by a relevant CITES authority. Any exemption of the commercial ban should be granted only to those applicants who meet the criteria of proper evidence in the form of scientific analysis or reliable and trustworthy documentation.

The article makes a case for a thorough reappraisal of the text of Valerius Flaccus’ Argonautica by discussing a number of textual problems in Book 8. It proposes some twenty new conjectures, as well as reviving six old ones that seem to have been undeservedly forgotten.

This study aimed to analyze the influence of different temperatures on the embryonic and larval development of discus fish Symphysodon aequifasciatus and determine the time required for the beginning of exogenous feeding. Eggs and larvae were obtained from natural spawns and distributed in five treatments: 24.0, 26.0, 28.0, 30.0, and 32.0 °C. To assess the developmental stages and embryonic structures, samples were taken at regular intervals and checked under an optical microscope. At the end of the experimental period, statistical analysis was performed, followed by Tukey’s test. As a result, it was possible to observe the significant effects of temperature on the variables. It was noted that the temperature accelerated the embryonic and larval development of the discus and also contributed to a reduction in the time between the incubation period and the feeding transition. It was also noted that the incubation of eggs and larvae at a temperature of 24.0 °C can cause damage to embryos, such as malformation of the body as well as anomalies in the circulatory system.

Using a person-oriented approach with a broad sample of 200 employees across several sectors, we identified four victim subgroups sharing similar configurations of frequency and severity of aggression: high–high (high levels of frequency and severity; 15%), moderate–moderate (moderate levels of frequency and severity; 15%), high–low (high frequency but low severity; 26.5%), and low–low (lowest levels of frequency and severity; 43%). Further, we examined the relationship between victim groups, social demographics, and victim disposition. The results showed that women, young, and lower-tenured employees are at risk of belonging to the high–high victim group. In addition, employees with high negative affect and psychopathy traits are at risk of belonging to the high–high victim group. Drawing upon learned helplessness theory, we examined whether victim groups differed concerning internalizing problems. Results suggest that high–high group victims experienced the highest anxiety, loss of confidence, and social dysfunction, whereas low–low group members experienced the lowest levels.

This paper examines a neglected fifteenth-century manuscript of the opusculum of Julius Exuperantius. It argues that that manuscript (Bologna, Biblioteca Universitaria, 748) is a sibling of Vatican City, BAV, Vat. lat. 3334, and situates the new manuscript in the stemma established by the last editor. It then proposes a modification to that editor's stemma, arguing that those two fifteenth-century manuscripts in fact descend from Milan, BA, H 37 sup., once owned by Francesco Pizolpasso. Finally, it considers the implications of those arguments for the editing and the history of the text.

Daisies are a special type of hypergraph introduced by Bollobás, Leader and Malvenuto. An $r$-daisy determined by a pair of disjoint sets $K$ and $M$ is the $(r+|K|)$-uniform hypergraph $\{K\cup P\,{:}\, P\in M^{(r)}\}$. Bollobás, Leader and Malvenuto initiated the study of Turán type density problems for daisies. This paper deals with Ramsey numbers of daisies, which are natural generalisations of classical Ramsey numbers. We discuss upper and lower bounds for the Ramsey number of $r$-daisies and also for special cases where the size of the kernel is bounded.

Traditional pulsar surveys have primarily employed time-domain periodicity searches. However, these methods are susceptible to effects like scattering, eclipses, and orbital motion. At lower radio frequencies ($\lesssim$300 MHz), factors such as dispersion measure and pulse broadening become more prominent, reducing the detection sensitivity. On the other hand, image domain searches for pulsars are not limited by these effects and can extend the parameter space to regions inaccessible to traditional search techniques. Therefore, we have developed a pipeline to form 1-second full Stokes images from offline correlated high time-resolution data from the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA). This led to the development of image-based methodologies to identify new pulsar candidates. In this paper, we applied these methodologies to perform a low-frequency image-based pulsar census of the galactic plane (12 MWA observations, covering $\sim$6 000 $\textrm{deg}^\textrm{2}$ sky). This work focuses on the detection of the known pulsar population which were present in the observed region of the sky using both image-based and beamformed methods. This resulted in the detection of 83 known pulsars, with 16 pulsars found only in Stokes I images but not in periodicity searches applied in beamformed data. Notably, for 14 pulsars these are the first reported low-frequency detections. This underscores the importance of image-based searches for pulsars that may be undetectable in time-series data, due to scattering and/or dispersive smearing at low frequencies. This highlights the importance of low-frequency flux density measurements in refining pulsar spectral models and investigating the spectral turnover of pulsars at low frequencies.

The UK government has called for employers to make work adaptations in response to changes in health individuals may experience as they age. However, government assumptions place too much emphasis on the voluntary actions of employers and managers, without placing the management of health in a wider context. Drawing on insights from Thompson’s disconnected capitalism thesis, we explore whether financial/competitive pressures facing many private and public sector organisations today, alongside other factors, contribute to organisations not considering or implementing work adaptations. In this context, it is suggested that older workers may also hide health issues because of anxiety, or ‘ontological precarity’, regarding working longer. Qualitative case studies compare the delivery of work adaptations in three organisations: ‘Local Government’, ‘Hospitality’, and ‘Trains’. Work adaptations were only widely available in Trains; this was for a range of reasons, including the fact that Trains was relatively insulated from financial pressures and able to deliver job and financial security for older workers. As many older workers will continue to be employed by organisations similar to Local Government and Hospitality, we argue that policy makers cannot rely solely on employers to make adaptations.

There has been a decline in the rural population of India from nearly 82% to about 65% over the past six decades. The National Mental Health Survey of India (2015–2016) reported a lower prevalence of mental disorders in rural areas compared with urban ones. Mental health services in the country are skewed towards the urban areas, and more families are pushed below the poverty line while getting treatment for a member with mental illness. India has expanded its District Mental Health Programme over the past two decades, and it now covers nearly all the districts in the country. Despite that, significant numbers of people with mental disorders, ranging from 70–90%, do not receive adequate treatment. This paper discusses the rural–urban divide in the mental health services, examining the problem and need, and the initiatives taken by the government of India in this direction.