This chapter discusses the way the contemplation of Intellect and the Forms is related to the experience of the sensible world. Despite the traditional view that Platonism espouses “two worlds”, Plotinus mocks the idea of the sensible and the intelligible as being actually two separated realms. Rather, for him there is only one world but seen from different perspectives by different cognitive activities of the soul. What happens in noetic contemplation is not that the Forms are seen apart from their sensible images, but that they are seen in and through their images, having become transparent to their essences. Or, when the experience is mature, it is rather that the sensible things are seen in and through their intelligible archetypes. To explain that phenomenon, Plotinus uses the continuum of dimness and clarity, and claims that perception is dim intellection, while intellection is clear perception. The contemplation of the transparency of the sensible to the intelligible gives rise to the experience of “bodies in Intellect” or the profound unity of the two realms, where the entire reality of the sensible is to be found in the intelligible.

This study has two related ambitions: one is to recover women's poetic compositions, and the other is to see how their participation in the literary sphere was remembered and represented by connoisseurs, critics, and the common folk in the early modern period. In order to do so, it focuses, as discussed earlier, on two biographical compendia (tazkiras) of female poets, both written in the nineteenth century, and this poses several problems before us. For one, we need to understand the implications of recovering women's lyrics from the tazkiras since our access is mediated by the selection, observations, and biographical notes that their authors provide before citing their poetic compositions. In line with the standard format of literary tazkiras followed across the Persianate world, in almost all entries there is a selection of verses, but these are preceded by biographical clips of varying lengths. The question then is: how are these life stories to be read and interpreted, particularly when they purportedly intend to highlight and preserve the contribution of women to the shaping of the literate tradition? Related to this, we need to be attentive to the disciplining thrust in the life stories and the inbuilt exclusions and silences that were integral to the discursive incorporation of women's poems within the early modern literary culture.

Raising the issue of ‘authenticity’ in texts of memorialization only fetches diminishing returns, and it is important to realize that our tazkiras not only carry verses that were ‘authentic’ but also the ones whose genuineness was suspect, but they were still in circulation in commemorative spaces. Not an inconsiderable number of women poets had poetic compilations or diwāns of their own, and when their work is mentioned in the tazkiras, one could be fairly certain about their genuineness. It also happened not infrequently that married men provided to the authors poems composed by their wives; or the tutors, impressed by some of their female students, shared their couplets with them. Even so, our authors also picked up a large amount of their material from gossip and discussions in the markets (bāzār), coffee houses (qahwa-khāne), courtesan's quarters (kotha), and poetic assemblies (mushā ‘ira).

This chapter introduces the topic of the book, namely the interconnections between zero-carbon energy transitions and security, and why this topic is of importance. It creates a setting for the following chapters by explaining the status of the energy transition in Europe, and introducing the academic fields the book draws from: sustainability transition studies, security studies, and studies of policy coherence and integration. The chapter also describes the research methods used and a brief background to the country cases, followed by a summary of the contents of the book.

Mortality rates for children in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) have decreased 5-fold from 1-in-5 [1] to 1-in-25 [2] cases over the past few decades. Despite improvements in rates of survival after critical illness, 1-in-5 children who require life support in the PICU for an acute illness has a new morbidity up to 3 years after discharge.[2,3] That translates to new functional, cognitive, and/or neurological morbidity in 5–10% of PICU survivors.[2,3] Also, for the parents of these children, the child’s critical illness may become a chronic condition that leads to ongoing emotional stress for the whole family with significant psychological and social impact.[4]

There are several important distinctions between children and adults in regard to making a prognosis as a result of acute neurological injury – henceforth called neuroprognostication. Foremost, during the initial presentation of acute neurological illness, event, or trauma, there is a partnership between clinicians and parents, and the communication of likelihood of possible death versus survival.

Heritage language speakers, or heritage speakers in short, are early sequential or simultaneous bilinguals whose home language, generally a diasporic or an indigenous language, differs from the majority language of the society. The goal of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive background of heritage speakers and their sound systems. It includes a literature review on the phonetics and phonology across heritage languages, particularly those of children of immigrants, in various majority language contexts. The chapter first describes heritage speakers and the general characteristics of their language learning experiences and outcomes. It then reviews studies examining heritage speakers’ global accent and factors contributing to perceived heritage accent. It also presents areas of divergence that have been found in the production and perception of heritage language segments and prosody. Lastly, the chapter synthesizes the findings, discussing common patterns observed in heritage language phonetics and phonology, and suggests areas for future research.

Interest in the pupil of the eye dates back well over 2,000 years. The prominent philosophers of ancient Greece and Persia had ideas of why the pupil was necessary for vision. Some of the greatest thinkers of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance such as Leonardo da Vinci, Johannes Kepler, Robert Whytt, and Roger Bacon thought about the pupil and presented ideas relating to its function. Slowly but incrementally, our modern ideas of the pupil were formulated by these early pioneers of pupillary physiology.

The focus of this chapter is Francophone Haitian women writers. These are writers who are bound by a common idiom, French and/or Creole, and who share similar concerns. What is to be ascertained is whether they occupy a territory in which literature acquires its full meaning. Given the dominance of male writers in Haitian literature, women writers may appear as marginal figures or minor voices. However, what this chapter demonstrates is that women writers have, over many years, challenged the status quo by simply being present and making their voices heard. They offer a female-centered perspective on the tensions and contradictions of Haitian society and, as such, open new doors to imagination. Dealing with such themes as love, loss, otherness, memory, and empathy, Haitian women writers have effectively affirmed the humanistic value of literature. The term écriture de l’urgence, coined by Yanick Lahens to define Haitian literature in general, acquires a special meaning when considering women authors. Urgency does not equate haste. Rather, it refers to the direct confrontation of the writer with reality, history, and the endless possibilities of language.

Theory is the essential foundation on which an empirical network study is built. A network theory stipulates a certain, carefully defined network and offers a reason why it relates to other variables. Pinning down what the precise network of theoretical interest is and fleshing out a reason why it matters is what makes up the key preliminary work in empirical networks research design. It can be tempting to rush through this preliminary step, especially when data are readily available. Note that doing so comes with risks. Design blunders are more debilitating in networks research than in other data collection endeavors. Thinking through all aspects of a theoretical setup takes time, but is part of the real work of research design. Taking the time early is an investment in avoiding wasted effort later. This chapter presents a framework to help construct a theory that is maximally useful for guiding empirical research design.

This chapter introduces cases motivating the book and presents a three-step argument about the effects of forced migration on societal cooperation, state capacity, and economic development. It reviews evidence from post-WWII displacement in Poland and West Germany, discusses the applicability of the findings to other cases, and highlights the main contributions of the book.