Morgan James Luker examines tango through the early recorded sound industry, using archival recordings of tango artist Ángel Villoldo (1861–1919). Luker shows the reader how to move from the narrative-driven mode of “causal listening” to the object-driven mode of “matrix listening,” and so view individual recorded sound objects as things with agency. He illuminates our understanding of Villoldo as a case study.

The term “diplomatic cable” is used today to describe an official dispatch or message sent instantaneously via a dedicated computer system between headquarters and its diplomatic missions abroad. As with email, most governments have both classified and unclassified cable systems. Throughout their careers, diplomats–especially reporting officers–must make quick choices about how to provide their government with needed information. This involves the proper and efficient use of language, technology and format to reach the respective target audience. This chapter will try to give you a sense of how to do that, starting with how to convey information to your capital from abroad–in other words, how to report. We will show you how to structure, write, edit and distribute diplomatic cables. There are four general purposes for messages to be sent as diplomatic cables: reporting on events; reporting on meetings or démarches to a foreign government; influencing a decision or policy; and making explicit policy recommendations.

Ethnomusicologist Yuiko Asaba provides a solid global view of tango. She examines tango’s transnational dynamics with historical and ethnographic approaches, and embraces themes of affect and transculturality between Japan and Argentina.

The atmosphere of innovation and experimentation in the 1960s was not lost on Leonard Bernstein. His advocacy for the Mahler symphonies, for instance, was highly influential to a generation of composers excited by Mahler’s stylistic heterogeneity. Indeed, one of the best-known examples, Luciano Berio’s Sinfonia, was dedicated to Bernstein and a New York Philharmonic commission. Bernstein also collaborated with two other mavericks of that decade: the pianist Glenn Gould and the composer John Cage. With the former, Bernstein led a much-understood but controversial performance of the Brahms first piano concerto; with the latter, he created a programme with the Philharmonic about what he called aleatoric music, including a performance of Cage’s indeterminate work Atlas Eclipticalis. These encounters were of immense importance to all three artists.

In this chapter we will discuss some of the numerical methodologies that are appropriate for particle-resolved simulations of multiphase flows. Our focus will be on PR-DNS, where all the flow scales of fluid motion are resolved along with the surface of the particles. PR-DNS simulations, however, come at a computational cost. The range of multiphase flow problems that can be simulated in a particle-resolved manner is limited. This limitation does not arise from the mathematical formulation. As discussed in Section 2.4, the mathematical formulation of PR-DNS is the easiest among all approaches to dispersed multiphase flows.

The chapter details early medieval riverine infrastructure, looking at ways that medieval leaders and communities understood the challenges and opportunities posed by the many rivers that supported and surrounded them. Working across the broadest range of sources, this chapter is the most focused on material culture and human infrastructure. It surveys practical responses, economic solutions, concerns about riverine sustainability, and the construction and maintenance of infrastructure (canals, mills, fish weirs, bridges, etc.), presenting the ways that medieval people responded to rivers on a daily basis. It also includes discussion of the regulation of riverine resources and the conflicts that could arise over rivers, ultimately arguing that rivers were actively contested, constructed, and integrated into the full economy, culture, and experience of medieval Europe.

Rivers and roads dominate this portion of the Peutinger Table, a Late-Antique/medieval map of the Roman Empire. Imagining the imperial realm as smooth and flowing, the map fits an uncertain topography on a straight roll of parchment. It presents the Empire as a set of linear, connected spaces – Rome is where all roads and rivers lead. Space is condensed, bodies of water and land masses stretched and shrunk, and cities arranged schematically rather than mapped precisely.

Article 45 and Article 49 provide for the free movement of workers and self-employed people, and the free movement of companies, throughout the EU. To overcome discrimination, legislation has been adopted addressing the rights of workers concerning matters such as tax, social advantages, languages, the mutual recognition of qualifications and requiring even private employers and social partners to treat all EU citizens equally. The case law goes even further than this, addressing all kinds of measures which discourage cross-border pursuit of an occupation, something which has had a great impact on professional football and its restrictive transfer rules. European company law has been similarly turned upside down by ruling in Centros that companies can choose their state of incorporation, a decision which led to the death of the real-seat theory of company law.

There are two core problems with private law’s causal rules in an AI context: 1) a problem of proof due to opacity, and 2) autonomy. Further, if AI is capable of being considered an intervening agent, using AI would have liability-avoiding effects. There may be particular problems with informational and decisional AI. Consideration is given to whether, in certain contexts, AI justifies a departure from the ordinary principles of causation.

In Chapter 6, we discuss market versus government “failure” – contexts in which markets struggle to provide efficient outcomes and the prospective role of government (in its own struggles) to address market limitations (e.g., pollution). Given the significant dose of public policy throughout the book, we lay out various theories within political economy, modeling why agents in political markets do what they do – and then applying these theories to business practice.

The first substantive chapter addresses the structural problem facing wine farmers at the Cape. Much like in France, there was a serious problem of overproduction of wines of indifferent quality leading to unstable prices. The chapter details the struggle between wine merchants and farmers, which led to the constitution of the Koöperatieve Wynbouwers Vereniging van Suid-Afrika (KWV) in 1918. It shows how the KWV successfully lobbied the Smuts government for devolved regulatory powers that enabled it to control the pricing for distilling wines from 1924. At the same time, the chapter shows that the market was constrained by low consumption amongst whites, including the Afrikaner wine farming community itself. This was compounded by the efforts of the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) and its allies in the South African Temperance Alliance (SATA) to pursue local option for whites and a form of temperance for the black population. The former failed, but the passage of the 1928 Liquor Act prevented the majority of the population from purchasing wine or brandy. Hence the victory of the KWV over the merchants was tempered by the legislative success of the temperance movement.