This chapter introduces the republican conception of liberty as non-domination. It explains how unhoused persons experience two forms of domination because they lack private property rights. First, others exert control over unhoused persons’ opportunities to obey laws that govern public property. Second, unhoused persons must make non-egalitarian sacrifices (or trade-offs) to obey laws that regulate public space.

This chapter details the epidemiology, route of spread and prevalence of viruses causing ’the common cold’ (coronaviruses, parainfluenzaviruses, rhinoviruses). It gives information on symptoms, laboratory diagnosis, treatment, prophylaxis and infection control.

This chapter details the epidemiology, route of spread, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, prophylaxis and infection control relating to viruses causing hepatitis (HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, HEV, CMV, EBV and arboviruses).

This chapter deals with how infection control procedures can be used to minimise the spread of viral infections transmitted via the respiratory, gastrointestinal, blood-borne, sexual, vertical and vector-borne routes. It also details infection control strategies in hospitals and in the community via universal precautions, respiratory precautions, enteric precautions and those for highly dangerous pathogens. Post-exposure prophylaxis and management of outbreaks is also discussed along with a list of notifiable infections.

This chapter deals with quality control in the virology laboratory, including quality control and quality assurance. It stresses the need to conduct regular audits of the service to maintain quality standards and the need for accredition schemes (e.g. UKAS). Sources of errors in the laboratory and factors associated with technical quality are also discussed.

Communities living far from a grid network are increasingly being supplied by off-grid renewable energy systems. However, a consensus of the best approach to their design has yet to emerge. A number of options are being trialled and these are described. Small dc photovoltaic systems with batteries are well established but can only supply limited amounts of power. An example of the supply of power to a remote health facility is shown. Microgrids combine a number of energy sources connected using either ac or dc. These connection architectures are demonstrated. An example of an operating ac microgrid is shown, together with the initial design calculations of the scheme. The concept of community energy is explained with a demonstration of the potential benefits of peer-to-peer energy trading. The chapter is supported by 4 examples, 7 questions with answers and full solutions in the accompanying online material. Further reading and online resources are identified.

The Illusion-Motivation Model of Revolution is presented in this chapter. The term “illusion” is not used here to suggest anything negative; it is simply referencing the normal human tendency to be influenced by illusions in everyday life. Five major illusions characterize the behavior of people engaged in a revolutionary movement. The supreme revolutionary illusion is the shared belief among those in a revolutionary movement that all of them will benefit in equal ways from the coming to power of the new revolutionary government. The illusion of unity results in differences within the revolutionary movement being overlooked. The illusion of rationality is in effect after regime change, and it is based on the assumption that a rational approach will yield the necessary positive results. The illusion of control characterizes the extremists who in the post-revolution period topple the moderates and come to power, believing that they can control and change mass behavior in line with their goals. Finally, the illusion of permanence is shared by extremist leaders and their regimes, in the belief that their revolutionary society will last forever.

This chapter turns to how the concept of territory might be reimagined, exploring how the concept of territory might be rethought of as the product of social relations. It offers a way for international law as a discipline to differently conceptualise territory, drawing on insights from (critical) spatial theorists about space to ‘update’ the discipline’s onto-theoretical approach to conceptualising territory. These insights allow us to rethink the concept of territory and emancipate international law’s spatial imaginary, by developing a legal theoretical understanding of control and authority that better reflects contemporary governance, law-making, and regulatory practices, rather than one limited to a twentieth-century state-centric international legal positivism. As a result, it also offers insights that enable the better observation of the relationship between power, law, and space, making sense of the competing state and non-state institutions and their territories ‘physically’ overlapping one another.

In Chapter 10 we discuss feedback and control as an advanced topic. We introduce how to use the measurement results to control the quantum system, via applying conditional unitary operator. A number of experimental systems are discussed, including active qubit phase stabilization, adaptive phase measurements, and continuous quantum error correction.

A core contention woven into the fabric of Sun Tzu’s thinking is that all situations faced by a strategic actor, even those that appear on their face to be losing ones, hold seeds of opportunity that, if grasped correctly, can be parlayed into strategic advantage.1 An illustrative statement starts off Passage #5.1 below.

This chapter lays the necessary conceptual foundation for the book’s proposed trust-based framework. It draws on theoretical and empirical scholarship on trust to offer a conceptualisation of trust in the social rights context. It first envisages trust as relational, meaning that trust may only arise in a relationship that contains three elements: control, discretion/uncertainty and vulnerability (a ‘trust relationship’). Secondly, it defines trust in a trust relationship as a set of three expectations held by a truster about a trustee: an expectation that the trustee will exercise goodwill towards the truster (‘expectation of goodwill’); an expectation that the trustee will exercise competence towards the truster (‘expectation of competence’); and an expectation that the trustee will fulfil her fiduciary responsibility (if any) to the truster (‘expectation of fiduciary responsibility’). The chapter then applies this conceptualisation to the relationship between citizens and the elected branches of government with respect to social rights (the ‘citizen-government relationship’), characterising it as a trust relationship and defining trust in it.

This topic comprises Themes #3 and #4, whose central thrusts are, respectively, cheap military successes and paths to the same larger political end using civilian approaches – i.e., winning without major fighting (at least in a classic military sense). Although it does not capture the sum total of Sun Tzu’s Theme #3 thinking, a core part of that thinking focuses on extremes of both benefits and costs – reaping the former and avoiding the latter.

Given the current state of mobile robotics, what can be considered essentially solved and what tasks remain? It is clear that for restrictive environments and for limited tasks, autonomous systems can be readily developed. Tasks such as parts delivery in a warehouse, materials transport in hospitals, limited autonomous driving, and so on can all be “solved” for tight definitions of the task and provided that sometime restrictive assumptions can be made concerning the environment.