For determining age scintillation variant was used. Measurement of a large quantity of benzol [benzene] permitted reaching a limit of 62,000 yr without isotope enrichment. Precautions against contamination of the samples with contemporary carbon and tritium were taken in laboratory handling. Dating began only after it had been established that contamination had not taken place during chemical treatment. Benzol which displayed no radioactivity was synthesized from anthracite. Special measures were taken to remove humic acids from the sample by boiling the powdered sample for three days with three fresh lots of 2% solution of NaOH (Arslanov et al., 1966a, p. 134).

Presented below are dates from some important archaeologic and Quaternary sites. All dates are based on τ ½ = 5568 yr; to convert the radiocarbon dates for archaeologic samples into ad/bc scale, 1950 has been used as base as per the resolution passed at the Ninth International Radiocarbon Conference, San Diego, 1976. The dates are not corrected for 13C fractionation. All the dates older than 10,000 yr have been given with 2σ errors. Due to uncertainty about the contribution of the biogenic carbon in caliche (CaCO3) samples, the dates represent apparent and not true ages.

The Mexico City Basin has had exceptional plant and animal diversity since ancient times due to its varied orography and benign climate. This environment attracted diverse human groups, from hunter-gatherers to one of the most influential pre-Hispanic cultures of Mesoamerica: the Mexica, also known as the Aztec. The subsoil of Mexico City hides a rich and varied cultural heritage. The Archaeological Rescue Department works to preserve cultural heritage, review archaeological studies, and expand archaeological information with new findings. We report on archaeological rescue works carried out at two sites in the Mexico City Basin prior to the beginning of new construction projects. The first one is the Reforma Hidalgo Complex Office in Teocaltitlán, one of the neighborhoods of ancient Mexica City, Mexico-Tenochtitlan. Some wooden post samples were selected for accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (AMS 14C) dating, believed to have been used as chinampa supports. We seek to determine their temporality and possible reuse by Hispanic builders. The second one, the La Otra Banda Site, is part of the human settlements that were founded around Cuicuilco, one of the main ancient urban centers of the highlands of Central Mexico. Some human bones and coal samples were selected to be dated, aiming to establish the site’s occupation time.

A 23-yr record of the measuring accuracy of the Copenhagen radiocarbon dating laboratory has retrospectively been provided through a true blind test. A total of 92 samples of oak from old tree trunks were dated in the period 1971 to 1993 and their dendrochronological age determined independently. The 14C activity of the dendrochronological samples measured in the Copenhagen radiocarbon laboratory was compared to the activity of the tree rings of the same age measured by Stuiver and Pearson (1993) for calibration purposes. The average difference was found to be 54 ± 72 14C yr. The results further indicate that the actual standard deviation is only 7% higher than that quoted by the laboratory. The investigation has shown a long-term stability of laboratory accuracy with no systematic laboratory variations either with respect to sample age or to the time of measurement from 1971 to 1993.

One explanation for the radiocarbon dates on the Shroud of Turin being younger than the time of Christ is that the heat from a fire, which scorched a portion of the Shroud, may have affected the 14C content (dates) on the shroud by affecting molecular exchange between the fabric and atmospheric carbon. This report describes a laboratory test on the susceptibility of cellulose, in the form of cotton, to incorporate carbon from CO2 while it is heated in a closed tube with carbon dioxide until the cotton considerably darkened. To maximize the effect of this hypothetical process, we simulated the shroud material with cotton that had a 14C level of 0.55 modern (55 pMC, equivalent to 4800 yr), and the atmosphere with pure CO2, which had a 14C level of 1.3 modern (130 pMC). No measurable 14C transferred from the gas phase to the solid phase. The implication of this test is that scorching is an unlikely mechanism to affect the apparent age of cellulose-like material.

In this work, we present the results of radiocarbon (14C) dating of three historically important objects related to the period of the reign of the Ottoman Empire in Europe. The following objects from the museum collection of the Franciscan Monastery in Fojnica, Bosnia and Herzegovina were 14C dated: (1) paper from the Ahdname (Fojnička ahdnama); (2) textile of the mantel of Fra Anđeo Zvizdović; and (3) paper from the Fojnica Armorial (Fojnički grbovnik). It was assumed that the Ahdname was issued in AD 1463 by the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II to the Catholic monks and that the Mantel had belonged to Fra Anđeo Zvizdović, who received the Ahdname. The Fojnica Armorial is an important source of the classical heraldry of the Balkans Peninsula, with various estimates of the age. The 14C calibrated ages of the Ahdname are as follows: lower part, cal AD 1430–1465, upper part, cal AD 1665–1808, proving that only the lower part of the Ahdname was original. The 14C calibrated age of the textile from the outer layer of the Mantel is cal AD 1492–1641, somewhat younger than expected, and inner lining even younger, cal AD 1652–1805. Good coincidence between the calibrated age span of the renewed part of the Ahdname and the lining material of the Mantel can suggest that both objects had been renewed around the same time. Two samples of the Fojnica Armorial were dated: thick paper, cal AD 1631–1667 and thin paper, cal AD 1809–1926, showing that the Armorial had been compiled during different periods.

This list contains the results of 14C determinations obtained at the laboratory in 1986 and 1987. δ13C was measured by the British Museum Research Laboratory or the Free University of Brussels: *δ13C is estimated (Stuiver & Polach, 1977).

The following list comprises selected measurements obtained by counting methane at 3 atm pressure in a 0.6 L stainless steel counter. Sample preparation, counting procedure, and calculation method are described in previous lists. Dates are reported in terms of the Libby half-life. The quoted errors are the experimental standard deviations including uncertainty on samples and standards.

The Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory was established at the Middle East Technical University in the Physics Department with the equipment provided by the British Government through former CENTO auspices and financial support by the Ford Foundation. This list reports on 14C dates measured up to July 1987.

Radiocarbon measurements in this list were made from Sept. to Dec., 1968. They are based on acetylene counting in an Oeschger-Houtermans-type proportional counter (1 L) at pressure 1 atm. All data are based on duplicated measurements. For calculation of ages, 95% activity of NBS oxalic acid is used as the modern standard and value of 5570 + 30 years is used for the half-life of C14. Dates are expressed in years B.P. (before A.D. 1950). Error corresponds to 1σ deviation of sample net counting rate as well as modern standard and background. Details of procedures are given in previous reports (R., 1968, v. 10, p. 144–148; 1969, v. 11, p. 509–514)

Atmospheric 14C concentrations vary with time and latitude. These variations, measured directly on atmospheric samples, or in independently-dated organic material such as tree rings, supply data essential for the calibration of dynamic models of the global carbon cycle. Short variations in the production rate of atmospheric 14C are strongly attenuated in the relatively large atmospheric CO2 reservoir. In-situ production of 14C should be negligible for ages up to 80 ka bp. Background problems in AMS dating are more likely attributable to contamination of very small samples.

In this paper we present data from the measurements of carbon isotopes (Δ14C and δ13C) from α-cellulose extracted from pine tree-rings. The samples were collected in four forests located in the most industrialized part of Poland, where coal mining and coal-based energy are an important branch of industry. The investigated period of time (1975–2012) covers the period of development in coal mining and other industry sectors. Stable isotope composition has been determined with using IRMS and radiocarbon concentration was determinate by AMS.

This list includes mainly the results of datings done from 1967 to 1969. Methods are essentially the same as those described in Radiocarbon, 1966, v. 8, p. 46–53, 1967, v. 9, p. 38–42, and 1969, v. 11, p. 15–21. Samples synthesized to benzene and counted by liquid scintillation spectrometry. Age calculations are based on 95% of the activity of the NBS oxalic acid standard and computed from the Libby half-life of 5570 yr and reference A.D. 1950. The error listed is the one-sigma statistical counting error. Most samples were counted for 2000 to 3000 min. HCL and NaOH pretreatments were applied to samples as required.

A radiocarbon (14C) dating technique with accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) was applied to estimate the year of death and the year of birth of unidentified human remains. Because many of the samples have been preserved in formaldehyde, it was necessary to evaluate the influence of formaldehyde on carbon ages. Samples intentionally preserved in formaldehyde during the known period were measured, and their Δ14C values were compared with results obtained from fresh samples. The influence of formaldehyde on soft tissue was 14 times larger than that on cortical bone. Unfortunately, an effective method for removing the influence of formaldehyde has not yet been found. 14C ages could be obtained only from the samples not preserved in formaldehyde. The years of birth were determined by the ages of the dentin samples, while the years of death were determined by the ages of the bone and soft tissue samples. Multiple sampling from a body provides an advantage in determination of one of two possible ages of a sample obtained using the bomb peak. Victims of the Korean War were ascertained by the year of death. The year of death and the age at death of unidentified bodies were also determined for forensic investigation.

The C14 Laboratory at Kiel University was established in 1963. It continues measurements, which were made at the Institut für Kernphysik, Kiel, on age determination with Chlorine 36, which is produced by cosmic ray neutrons (Bagge and Willkomm, 1963, 1966). The first C14-counting apparatus was completed in 1964 and dating work started at the end of 1964 after extensive general tests of counter working conditions (Erlenkeuser, 1965). The data reported here have been obtained during the first half of 1965. During this period the dating measurements were interrupted on numerous occasions by measurements of background and the oxalic standard in order to check long-time variations of the apparatus.

The results of a short program of landscape, buildings and materials analysis undertaken at Achanduin Castle, Lismore, Scotland (NM 8043 3927) are presented from the pilot phase of the Scottish Medieval Castles & Chapels C14 Project (SMCCCP). The study presents the first independent chronological evidence relating to the construction of this important medieval building, by radiocarbon analysis of a limited assemblage of Mortar-Entrapped Relict Limekiln Fuel (MERLF) fragments. Informed by a wider investigation of structural phasing and sample taphonomy, these measurements are constrained within a series of different Bayesian models, to generate a range of comparative estimates for the building’s constructional chronology. The precision with which the construction of this building can now be dated, from other evidence associated with the site, makes the Achanduin Castle study a useful point of reference for wider materials research.