Weighted inequalities for certain Hardy-type averaging operators in are shown to be equivalent to weighted inequalities for one-dimensional operators. Known results for the one-dimensional operators are applied to give weight characterisations, with best constants in some cases, in the higher-dimensional setting. Operators considered include averages over all dilations of very general starshaped regions as well as averages over all balls touching the origin. As a consequence, simple weight conditions are given which imply weighted norm inequalities for a class of integral operators with monotone kernels.

It is shown that the elements of the closed operator algebra generated by one-dimensional singular integral operators with piecewise continuous coefficients with a fixed finite set of points of discontinuity can be written as the sum of a singular integral operator, a compact operator, and generalized Mellin convolutions. Their Gohberg-Krupnik symbol is given in terms of the Mellin transform. This gives an explicit construction of an operator with prescribed Gohberg—Krupnik symbol.

Let G be a group and S a group of automorphisms of G. The simplicity of the near-ring, MS(G), of zero preserving functions on G which commute with the elements of S, is investigated. The relationship between simplicity, 2-primitivity and containment relations among the stabilizers of elements of G is explored.

In this note the differential expression M[y] ≡ − y” + qy, q∈Lp(ℝ+) for some p ≧ l, is considered on [0,∞) together with the boundary condition either y(0) = 0 or y'(0) = 0. Lower bounds are given for the spectrum of the self-adjoint operators T generated by M[·] and these boundary conditions. The bounds depend on the Lp-norm of the coefficient q and they improve results of Everitt and Eastham. The bounds are optimal.

Littlewood showed that the forced Van der Pol oscillator with 0<b<⅔ and k large normally has subharmonic solutions of order 2n + l where n ≅ O([⅔−b]k). Numerical experiments suggest that n ≅ (⅔ –b)k/3 as k →∞. A refinement of Littlewood's calculation is given which leads to this result.

In this paper we study smoothing effects of solutions to the Benjamin–Ono equation

where H is the Hilbcrt transform defined by

We prove that if φ ∈ H2 and (x∂x)4φ then the solution u of(BO) belongs to

, where

We improve the known results on interpolation of strictly singular operators and strictly co-singular operators in several directions. Applications are given to embeddings between symmetric spaces.

A new approach is presented for the solution of spectral problems on infinite domains with regular ends, which avoids the need to solve boundary-value problems for many trial values of the spectral parameter. We present numerical results both for eigenvalues and for resonances, comparing with results reported by Aslanyan, Parnovski and Vassiliev.

This paper considers curves in Rn. It defines affine arc length and affine curvatures. The family of affine distance functions is generalized, along with the family of affine height functions. A new basis is constructed that makes the conditions for Ak singularity types easier to calculate, and applications are given to geometrical problems.

Building on a recent work, we consider a two-dimensional viscous fluid in the exterior of a thin obstacle shrinking to a curve, proving convergence to a solution of the Navier–Stokes equations in the exterior of a curve. The uniqueness of the limit solution is also shown.>

We introduce the concept of quasi-completely continuous multilinear operators and use this concept to characterize, for a wide class of Banach spaces X1, …, Xk, the multilinear operators T : X1 × … × Xk → X with an X-valued Aron–Berner extension.

Consider a scattering problem for the Dirac equation with a non-local term including the Hartree type, say the cubic convolution term. We show the existence of scattering operators for small initial data in the subcritical and critical Sobolev spaces.

We study the normality of families of meromorphic functions defined in terms of certain omitted functions. In particular, we prove the following results. Firstly, if is a family of meromorphic functions in a domain D ⊂ ℂ, and a(z), b(z) and c(z) are distinct meromorphic functions in D and if, for all f ∈ and all z ∈ D, f(z) ≠ a(z), f(z) ≠ b(z) and f(z) ≠ c(z), then is normal in D. Secondly, letting R(w) be a rational function of degree greater than or equal to 3 and be a family of functions meromorphic in a domain D ⊂ ℂ, if there exists a non-constant meromorphic function α(z) in D such that, for all f ∈ and z ∈ D, R(f(z)) ≠ α(z), then is normal in D.

We consider Hill's equation on the interval [0, a] with periodic and semi-periodic boundary condition. We derive the asymptotic form of the eigenvalues without smoothness conditions on q.

In this paper, we consider a ring of neurons with self-feedback and delays. As a result of our approach based on global bifurcation theorems of delay differential equations coupled with representation theory of Lie groups, the coexistence of its asynchronous periodic solutions (i.e. mirror-reflecting waves, standing waves and discrete waves), bifurcated simultaneously from the trivial solution at some critical values of the delay, will be established for delay not only near to but also far away from the critical values. Therefore, we can obtain wave solutions of large amplitudes. In addition, we consider the coincidence of these periodic solutions.

In this paper, we consider a ring of neurons with self-feedback and delays. As a result of our approach based on global bifurcation theorems of delay differential equations coupled with representation theory of Lie groups, the coexistence of its asynchronous periodic solutions (i.e. mirror-reflecting waves, standing waves and discrete waves), bifurcated simultaneously from the trivial solution at some critical values of the delay, will be established for delay not only near to but also far away from the critical values. Therefore, we can obtain wave solutions of large amplitudes. In addition, we consider the coincidence of these periodic solutions.

We consider a mathematical model which describes the frictionless contact between a piezoelectric body and a foundation. The contact process is quasi-static and the foundation is assumed to be insulated. The novelty of the model consists in the fact that the material behaviour is described with an electro-elastic–visco-plastic constitutive law and the contact is modelled with a subdifferential boundary condition. We derive a variational formulation of the problem which is in the form of a system coupling two nonlinear integral equations with a history-dependent hemivariational inequality and a time-dependent linear equation. We prove the existence of a weak solution to the problem and, under additional assumptions, its uniqueness. The proof is based on a recent result on history-dependent hemivariational inequalities obtained by Migórski, Ochal and Sofonea in 2011.

In this paper we establish a new class of integral inequalities which originate from the well-known Hardy's inequality. The analysis used in the proofs is quite elementary and is based on the idea used by Levinson to obtain generalisations of Hardy's inequality.

The relaxation of certain time-evolution problems is investigated. As a conceptually simple example, we study elastically deformable bodies that undergo martensitic phase transformations. The movement of the phase boundaries is hindered by dry friction. The fundamental problem is that the phase distribution forms a highly oscillatory microstructure in space. Therefore, it is desirable to derive a coarse-grained system that describes the effective properties. We introduce a concept of relaxation of the evolution system and apply it to the case where only two phases occur and the elastic energy is quadratic. Finally, we present a candidate for the relaxation in the general case.

Since the publication of the first part of this preliminary report (Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin., 1879–80, p. 458), I have received some additional specimens of Ascidians belonging to the “Challenger” collection, and including the following ASCIDIADÆ

Ascidia cylindracea, n. sp.

External appearance. —Shape nearly cylindrical; posterior end rounded and wider than truncated anterior end; ventral edge nearly straight, dorsal slightly concave. Attached by base and lower half of left side. Both apertures at anterior end; branchial towards ventral side, sessile; atrial on dorsal edge, forming a rounded projection; both distinctly lobed. Surface smooth. Colour yellowish-grey. Length, 2 cm.; breadth, 1·2 cm.