Ophiolitic rocks occur as a tectonic mélange in the Mutki area of the Eastern Taurus Mountains of south-eastern Turkey. They form the upper part of a Tethyan ophiolite-flysch complex, which is thrust southward over sedimentary rocks of the Arabian foreland (Hall, 1976). The tectonic mélange has a matrix of serpentinite and includes blocks of basic volcanics, gabbros, picrites, and rodingites, most of which have suffered metamorphism and metasomatism. The volcanic rocks have been metamorphosed under conditions transitional between the glaucophane-lawsonite schist facies and the greenschist or greenschist-amphibolite transitional facies of Turner (1968). The picrites have escaped any significant metamorphism, while the gabbros have been partially or completely recrystallized under greenschist facies conditions. Both picrites and gabbros have also suffered calcium metasomatism resulting in the alteration of some of the gabbros to rodingites. Pyroxenes from eight separate blocks from the mélange have been analysed by microprobe (fig. 1) to determine if the pyroxene chemistry is consistent with an igneous origin (as suggested by textural evidence) or if there have been changes due to metamorphism and metasomatism.

Six specimens of talc studied by the electron microscope lattice-imaging and diffraction techniques were found to have the triclinic one-layer (1 Tr) structure. Since no evidence of a monoclinic two-layered structure was found in any specimen it is concluded that the 1 Tr structure is the common one for talc, and it may, moreover, be the only one. Extremely fine polysynthetic twinning and single intrinsic stacking faults were found in talc.

A method of producing platinum-iron alloy sample containers has been developed that allows experiments to be carried out on iron- and volatile-bearing systems with minimal net exchange of iron between the sample and its container. Preliminary experiments carried out using these containers in the temperature range from 1100 °C to 1250 °C and at pressures up to 10 kb over periods of up to 75 hours produced an average iron loss of 10% to 16% (as FeO) compared with more than 50% FeO loss obtained using pure platinum containers. A more judicious choice of alloy composition would reduce this loss still further.

The value of infra-red spectra in identifying sulphide minerals has been assessed by surveying the spectra of some forty specimens. Spectra of finely ground samples dispersed in polyethylene discs were obtained in the region 420-90 cm−1 with a resolution of 3–4 cm−1, using a Beckman-RIIC Fourier-Transform Interferometer. Except for minerals whose metallic conductivity obliterated vibrational features, the spectra permitted rapid recognition of sulphide minerals either alone or in mixtures.

Spectra of the following twenty-five pure, or nearly pure specimens are presented: cinnabar, galena, pyrrhotine, alabandine, sphalerite, wurtzite, realgar, orpiment, stibnite, bismuthinite, arsenopyrite, tetrahedrite, pyrargyrite, proustite, enargite, bournonite, boulangerite, jamesonite, and plagionite. Sulphides whose metallic conductivity led to featureless, almost total, absorption of infra-red radiation included chalcosine, troilite, millerite, covelline, bornite, and pyrrhotine: only the spectrum of the last is illustrated as a typical example.

Comparison of the spectra reproduced here with those previously published show a fair measure of agreement, although there are discrepancies. Povarennykh and co-workers, for example, have reported a common sequence of broad absorption bands at 370, 280, and 180 cm−1 for minerals that were found here to exhibit featureless metal-like absorption. The sources of these and other discrepancies are briefly discussed.

The separation of iron-titanium oxide droplets and the formation of olivine, in the Freetown layered gabbro, depleted the magma in iron and enriched the magma in copper. In magma injections in which the sulphur fugacity was sufficiently high, this resulted in the separation of immiscible copper sulphide droplets closely associated with the iron-titanium oxide droplets, and both were subsequently enclosed by olivine. A lower sulphur fugacity in other injections of magma suppressed the separation of the copper, which later appeared as native copper associated with euhedral titanomagnetite, and was enclosed by feldspar. Crystallization of the iron-titanium oxide droplets and subsolidus diffusion has resulted in granular exsolution of ilmenite from the droplets and lamellar exsolution of ilmenite in the euhedral titanomagnetite.

A reinvestigation of uranospathite from the type locality, Redruth, Cornwall, shows that it is an aluminium uranyl phosphate belonging to the torbernite series but more highly hydrated than other members thereof. The composition (HAl)0·5(UO2)2(PO4)2.20H2O was derived by indirect methods and by making use of analysis by the electron microprobe, which showed an Al2O3 content 2·6% in the partially dehydrated state. Unit-cell dimensions: a 7·00, c 30·02 Å, Z = 2. Probable space group P42/n. Strongest lines of the powder pattern: 15·22 (10) 002, 7·60 (10) 004, 4·93 (10) 110, 111, 3·50 (8) 116, 200, 201.

The mineral is unstable and unless preserved at low temperature or in a humid atmosphere converts into a new phase with a loss of 10- 12H2O. This phase (HAl)0.5 (UO2)2(PO4)2.8–10H2O is identical with the mineral sabugalite. Experimental work led to the synthesis of a hydrate with the composition (HAl)o·5(UO2)2(PO4)2. 16H2O, but not to fully hydrated uranospathite. This synthetic compound also dehydrates rapidly under normal conditions, converting into the same phase as does natural uranospathite. Arsenian uranospathite occurs at Menzenschwand in the Southern Black Forest.

Arsenuranospathite proper is a new mineral found at Menzenschwand and also at Wittichen in the Central Black Forest. It forms lathlike or wedge-shaped crystals of orthorhombic symmetry. Forms: {100}, {010}, {110}, {001}. Cleavage {001} perfect, {100} and {010} good. Hardness probably about 2, ρcak2·54 g cm −3. White to pale yellow. Streak white. Fluoresces greenish in ultra-violet light with variable intensity.

Tučekite, Ni9Sb2S8, was found as microscopic grains in a mineralized Archaean chlorite schist at Kanowna (35° 35′ S., 121° 36′ E.), Western Australia, and in the gold-bearing conglomerates of the Witwatersrand System (26° S., 27° E.), South Africa.

The nickel mineralization at Kanowna is located in metamorphosed basic and ultrabasic rocks of the Morelands Formation, which is part of the Kalgoorlie-Yilgarn succession of the West Australian Archaean shield. The tučekite-bearing mineralization occurs as an approximately 2 cm thick zone of disseminated sulphides in a chlorite schist near its contact with a serpentinized ultramafic intrusive rock. Tučekite is here associated with millerite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, gersdorffite, pentlandite, magnetite, and supergene polydymite. Tučekite occurs as rims and irregular grains partly replacing millerite, and was apparently formed during the later stages of the ore-forming process by reaction of Sb-bearing solutions with millerite.

In the Witwatersrand the mineral was found in a heavy mineral concentrate prepared from ore from the Vaal Reef, Vaal Reefs mine, Klerksdorp (Far West Witwatersrand), and in a mixed concentrate from the Carbon Leader Reef and the Ventersdorp Contact Reef, Western Deep Levels Ltd., Carltonville (West Wits Line). Although rare free grains of tuSekite are found, the mineral is more commonly intergrown with gold, and in the Vaal Reef the mineral is also found intergrown with gersdorffite.

Empirical formula of the Kanowna mineral is (Ni, Fe, Co)9·05(Sb, Bi, Te)1·00(Sb, As)1·04S8; that of the Witwatersrand mineral is (Ni, Fe)9·00(Sb, Bi)1·00(Sb, AS)1·06S8. The structural formula is assumed to be ; Z = 1. The mineral is opaque, has a metallic lustre, and is pale yellow. Under the microscope in reflected light it is pale brownish-yellow; bireflectance not discernible; anisotropy very strong with deep brown and greyish-blue polarization colours; reflectivity high. Indentation hardness 718 kg/mm2 (20 g load); 417 kg/mm2 (10 g load).

Strongest Debye-Scherrer powder-pattern lines of the Witwatersrand mineral are 2·76 (10) 211; 2·38 (8) 112; 2·28 (8b) 221, 310; 1·850 (8) 222; 4·33 (7) 101; 1·793 (7) 400, 3o2. By analogy with hauchecornite, the pattern can be indexed on a tetragonal unit cell with a = 7·174 Å and c = 5·402 Å; ρ (calc.) = 6·15 g/cm3. Type material is preserved in the British Museum, London, and the National Museum, Prague (Czechoslovakia).

Welshite, triclinic, Ca2Mg4Fe3+Sb5+O2 [Si4Be2O18], a = 10·28 Å, b = 10·69 Å, c = 8·83 Å, α = 106·1°, β = 96·3°, γ = 124·8°, P¯1 with pseudo-monoclinic cell am = 9·68(1) Å, bm = 14·77(2) Å, cm = 5·14(1) Å, βm = 101·5(2)°, c-centred, occurs as lustrous subadaman-tine, thick prismatic reddish-black crystals up to 3 mm in greatest dimension associated with roméite, adelite, swedenborgite, berzeliite, manganoan phlogopite, richterite in crystalline dolomite from Làngban, Sweden. Forms include b {010}, a{100}, k{130}, m{110}, j{021}, p{111}, q{121}, v{131}, r{¯111}, s{¯121}, t{¯131}, and v{¯141} (monoclinic setting). Streak pale-brown, hardness 6, specific gravity 3·77, fracture conchoidal, no cleavage, α = 1·81(1), γ = 1·83(1), 2E(obs.) ≈45°, no noticcable pleochroism.

Welshite is a new member of the aenigmatite-rhönite group and obtains from the substitution Sb5+→ Ti4+ and Be2+ → Al3+ in rhönite.

An examination has been carried out of ten specimens assigned to the group. These include metatype specimens of neotocite (Gestrikland, Sweden) and penwithite (Wheal Owles, Penwith, Cornwall) and topo-type specimens of stratopeïte (Pajsberg, Sweden), klipsteinite (Herborn, Dillenberg, Germany), and opsimose (specimen labelled klipsteinite, but from Klapperud, Dalecarlia, Sweden). The investigation arose out of the recent find of neotocite at the Geevor mine, Cornwall, close to the site of the type locality for penwithite.

In the investigation klipsteinite has been confirmed as a mixture (Fisher, 188o), the dominant mineral in the mixture giving an X-ray pattern close to birnessite. Chemical analyses, refractive indices, and specific gravity determinations are given for the remainder in the miniprint section, p. M27 (Table I). They show that the group can be represented fairly closely by the formula (Mn, Fe)SiO3.H2O, but with significant carbonate present in each sample. CO2 has not generally been reported before in these minerals and the water content is lower than previous analyses, as a result of the precautions taken in drying the material before analysis (over magnesium perchlorate at room temperature).

The specimens examined are all dark brown or black in appearance (often darkening on exposure to light) with a vitreous lustre and conchoidal fracture. The group should be regarded as poorly crystalline since all the specimens gave similar X-ray powder patterns with three very broad and diffuse lines around 3·5, 2·6, and 1·6 Å respectively (see Whelan and Goldich, 1961). After heating to 1000 °C all form braunite, with the exception of stratopeite, which gave an X-ray powder pattern closer to pyroxmangite. Hausmannite or spinel were also found associated with braunite in several specimens.

The full text includes the results of differential thermal analysis and infra-red spectra from the samples.

Of the names used in the group, opsimose (Beudant, 1832) was the first recorded, but in this and the subsequent work of Bahr (1850), it was associated with material much richer in manganese. Wittingite and neotocite (Nordenskiöld, 1849) were -named separately on account of the higher iron content of neotocite. Stratopeïte (Igelström, 1851) is a magnesium-bearing variety, while penwithite (Collins, 1878, 1879) was thought to have a different manganese valency state from wittingite.

In view of its current widespread usage and the fact that neotocite was originally named for an iron-bearing manganese silicate it is proposed that neotocite be defined as the group of poorly crystalline manganese silicates with formulae close to (Mn, Fe)SiO3.H2O and Mn > Fe. With Fe > Mn the series grades into hisingerite. Limited substitution of MgO, Al2O3, and CO2 should be acceptable. Finally it has been proposed that the other names be discarded. The Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names, IMA, has approved these proposals, but came to no firm conclusion as to whether the group name should be spelt ‘neotocite’ or as in the original description ‘neotokite’. Accordingly either are permissible.

Hornblendes are not common in the charnockites of Kondpalli, but occur as an important constituent in the pyroxene granulites and pyroxenites of Seshadripuram hill. Analyses and optical data for two pargasites are given.

Manganhumite, orthorhombic, a 10·54(1), b 21·45(2), c 4·822(9) Å, space group Pnma, Z = 4, (Mn0·68Mg0·30Fe0·01Ca0·01)7(OH)2(SiO4)3, is the manganese analogue of humite whose type locality is the Brattfors mine, Nordmark, Province of Värmland, Sweden. It is a skarn assemblage mineral and occurs with katoptrite, manganostibite, magnussonite, galaxite, etc., which replace manganosite grains in magnetite-manganosite ore.

The mineral is biaxial (+), α = 1·707(3), β = 1·712(3), 7 = 1·732(3), 2V7(obs.) = 37(4)° r > v perceptible, cleavage {010} perfect, hardness = 4, specific gravity = 3·83(5). The five strongest powder lines are 1·777(10), 2·500(7), 3·371(6), 2·628(6), and 1·525(6).