In this paper, we study Lp-boundedness properties for higher order Littlewood-Paley g-functions in the Bessel setting. We use the Calderón-Zygmund theory in a homogeneous-type space (in the sense of Coifman and Weiss) ((0, ∞), d, γα), where d represents the usual metric on (0, ∞) and γα denotes the doubling measure on (0, ∞) with respect to d defined by dγα(x) = x2α+1dx, with α > −1/2.

The non-linear Schrödinger systems arise from many important physical branches. In this paper, employing the ‘I-method’, we prove the global-in-time well-posedness for a coupled non-linear Schrödinger system in Hs(n) when n = 2, s > 4/7 and n = 3, s > 5/6, respectively, which extends the results of J. Colliander, M. Keel, G. Staffilani, H. Takaoka and T. Tao (Almost conservation laws and global rough solutions to a nonlinear Schrödinger equation, Math Res. Lett. 9, 2002, 659–682) to the system.

A simple integral formula as an iterated residue is presented for the Baker–Akhiezer function related to An-type root system in both the rational and trigonometric cases. We present also a formula for the Baker–Akhiezer function as a Selberg-type integral and generalise it to the deformed An,1-case. These formulas can be interpreted as new cases of explicit evaluation of Selberg-type integrals.

Let K be a perfect field of characteristic p > 0; A1 := K〈x, ∂|∂x−x∂=1〉 be the first Weyl algebra; and Z:=K[X:=xp, Y:=∂p] be its centre. It is proved that (i) the restriction map res : AutK(A1)→ AutK(Z), σ ↦ σ|Z is a monomorphism with im(res) = Γ := {τ ∈ AutK(Z)|(τ)=1}, where (τ) is the Jacobian of τ, (Note that AutK(Z)=K* ⋉ Γ, and if K is not perfect then im(res) ≠ Γ.); (ii) the bijection res : AutK(A1) → Γ is a monomorphism of infinite dimensional algebraic groups which is not an isomorphism (even if K is algebraically closed); (iii) an explicit formula for res−1 is found via differential operators (Z) on Z and negative powers of the Fronenius map F. Proofs are based on the following (non-obvious) equality proved in the paper:

This paper is concerned with the properties of differential-geometric-type Poisson brackets specified by a differential operator of degree 2. It also considers the conditions required for such a Poisson bracket to form a bi-Hamiltonian structure with a hydrodynamic-type Poisson bracket.

In this paper, we introduce an integral operator on the unit ball . The boundedness and compactness of the operator from the Zygmund space to the Bloch-type space or the little Bloch-type space are investigated.

Using variational arguments we study the non-existence and multiplicity of non-negative solutions for a class equations of the form where Ω is a bounded domain in N, N ≧ 3, f is a sign-changing Carathéodory function on Ω × [0, +∞) and λ is a positive parameter.

We investigate the spectral properties of matrices associated with comb graphs. We show that the adjacency matrices and adjacency matrix Laplacians of the sequences of graphs show a spectral similarity relationship in the sense of work by L. Malozemov and A. Teplyaev (Self-similarity, operators and dynamics, Math. Phys. Anal. Geometry6 (2003), 201–218), and hence these sequences of graphs show a spectral decimation property similar to that of the Laplacians of the Sierpiński gasket graph and other fractal graphs.

We consider families of quasiplatonic Riemann surfaces characterised by the fact that – as in the case of Fermat curves of exponent n – their underlying regular (Walsh) hypermap is an embedding of the complete bipartite graph Kn,n, where n is an odd prime power. We show that these surfaces, regarded as algebraic curves, are all defined over abelian number fields. We determine their orbits under the action of the absolute Galois group, their minimal fields of definition and in some easier cases their defining equations. The paper relies on group – and graph – theoretic results by G. A. Jones, R. Nedela and M. Škoviera about regular embeddings of the graphs Kn,n [7] and generalises the analogous results for maps obtained in [9], partly using different methods.

We present Bäcklund transformations for the non-commutative anti-self-dual Yang–Mills equations where the gauge group is G = GL(2) and use it to generate a series of exact solutions from a simple seed solution. The solutions generated by this approach are represented in terms of quasi-determinants and belong to a non-commutative version of the Atiyah–Ward ansatz. In the commutative limit, our results coincide with those by Corrigan, Fairlie, Yates and Goddard.

In this paper we introduce the notion of weak zip rings and investigate their properties. We mainly prove that a ring R is right (left) weak zip if and only if for any n, the n-by-n upper triangular matrix ring Tn(R) is right (left) weak zip. Let α be an endomorphism and δ an α-derivation of a ring R. Then R is a right (left) weak zip ring if and only if the skew polynomial ring R[x; α, δ] is a right (left) weak zip ring when R is (α, δ)-compatible and reversible.

We show that there is an infinite set of natural numbers with the property that is square-free for every finite subset ⊆ .

We denote the numerical range of the normal operator T by W(T). A characterization is given to the points in W(T) that lie on the boundary. The collection of such boundary points together with the interior of the the convex hull of the spectrum of T will then be the set W(T). Moreover, it is shown that such boundary points reveal a lot of information about the normal operator. For instance, such a boundary point always associates with an invariant (reducing) subspace of the normal operator. It follows that a normal operator acting on a separable Hilbert space cannot have a closed strictly convex set as its numerical range. Similar results are obtained for the Davis-Wielandt shell of a normal operator. One can deduce additional information of the normal operator by studying the boundary of its Davis-Wielandt shell. Further extension of the result to the joint numerical range of commuting operators is discussed.

Jacobson said a a right ideal would be called bounded if it contained a non-zero ideal, and Faith said a ring would be called strongly right bounded if every non-zero right ideal were bounded. In this paper we introduce a condition that is a generalisation of strongly bounded rings and insertion-of-factors-property (IFP) rings, calling a ring strongly right AB if every non-zero right annihilator is bounded. We first observe the structure of strongly right AB rings by analysing minimal non-commutative strongly right AB rings up to isomorphism. We study properties of strongly right AB rings, finding conditions for strongly right AB rings to be reduced or strongly right bounded. Relating to Ramamurthi's question (i.e. Are right and left SF rings von Neumann regular?), we show that a ring is strongly regular if and only if it is strongly right AB and right SF, from which we may generalise several known results. We also construct more examples of strongly right AB rings and counterexamples to several naturally raised situations in the process.

We consider Ptolemy's inequality in a metric space setting. It is not hard to see that CAT(0) spaces satisfy this inequality. Although the converse is not true in full generality, we show that if our Ptolemaic space is either a Riemannian or Finsler manifold, then it must also be CAT(0). Ptolemy's inequality is closely related to inversions of metric spaces. We exploit this link to establish a new characterization of Euclidean space amongst all Riemannian manifolds.

We characterize in terms of Darboux transformations the spaces in the Segal–Wilson rational Grassmannian, which lead to commutative rings of differential operators having coefficients which are rational functions of ex. The resulting subgrassmannian is parametrized in terms of trigonometric Calogero–Moser matrices.

We study the existence of solutions for a class of nonuniformly degenerate elliptic systems in N, N ≥ 3, of the form where hi ∈ L1loc(N), hi(x) ≧ γ0|x|α with α ∈ (0, 2) and γ0 > 0, i = 1, 2. The proofs rely essentially on a variant of the Mountain pass theorem (D. M. Duc, Nonlinear singular elliptic equations, J. Lond. Math. Soc. 40(2) (1989), 420–440) combined with the Caffarelli–Kohn–Nirenberg inequality (First order interpolation inequalities with weights, Composito Math. 53 (1984), 259–275).

We present a systematic construction of the discrete KP hierarchy in terms of Sato–Wilson-type shift operators. Reductions of the equations in this hierarchy to 1+1-dimensional integrable lattice systems are considered, and the problems that arise with regard to the symmetry algebra underlying the reduced systems as well as the ultradiscretizability of these systems are discussed. A scheme for constructing ultradiscretizable reductions that give rise to Yang–Baxter maps is explained in two explicit examples.

We obtain a new characterisation for weighted Bergman spaces Apα on the unit ball n of ℂn in terms of a double integral of the functions |f(z) − f(w)|/|z − w| and |f(z) − f(w)|/|1 − 〈 z, w〉|.

We study the duality problem for order weakly compact operators by giving sufficient and necessary conditions under which the order weak compactness of an operator implies the order weak compactness of its adjoint and conversely.