Siblings’ relationships have been seen as determinants of emotional and personal development. Although Greece is assumed a country with strong family bonds there is not empirical research in this area. Similarly Ireland is traditionally viewed as a country with strong family values.

In an attempt to conduct a comparative study of siblings’ relations the lack of a Greek valid instrument was obvious. The Sibling Relationship Questionnaire (SRQ) is a widely used scale which is a self reported measurement of this relationship.

Thus, in an attempt to employ an easily administered and valid measure, to assess sibling relationships, but also to be able to compare the results across countries the SRQ was the scale of choice.

The concurrent validity ranged from 0.29 to 0.68, the overall internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was equal to 0.86 and the test-retest reliability (Spearman's rho) ranged from 0.58 to 0.78. Agreement between children-parents versions was significant only when mothers do the rating.

Thus it seems that the translated Greek version of SRQ is a valid and reliable instrument to be used in the measurement of sibling relationships in Greek population, and can be used as a measurement for multinational clinical research and comparison with findings from other countries.

Callous-unemotional (CU) traits has been studied in details in relation with antisocial development, albeit specific data indicating an association between CU traits and the type of homicide in youth are not described in the literature.

The aims of the present study were to study the occurrence of CU traits and antisocial personality disorder in Hungarian youth committed homicide.

The forensic psychopathologic reports of 169 youths (14-24 years)were analyzed, including all closed Hungarian cases within between 2005 and 2009. Complete forensic psychopathologic reports were present in 144 cases (10 females, 134 males; age: 18.5±0.2 years, mean±SEM). The following diagnoses were outlined: DSM-IV 2nd axis problem, personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder. A contextual analysis was also performed, and the presence of at least one symptom of antisocial personality disorder, the presence of one symptom of CU traits, the presence of at least two independent symptoms of CU traits.

DSM-IV 2nd axis disorder was present in 68.7%, personality disorder in 55.6%, antisocial personality disorder in 32.6%. At least one symptom of antisocial personality disorder was present in 80.6%, at least one symptom of CU traits in 61.8%, and at least two independent symptoms of CU traits in 34.0%. The highest association of violent and/or premeditated homicide was present with the occurrence of at least two CU traits symptoms.

The above data suggest the importance of CU traits in youths with high risk, and outlines the importance of describing CU traits in forensic reports in youths committed homicide.

Étudier la qualité de vie (QdV), les comorbidités liées au stress, l’activité, la productivité et les consommations de soins des aidants de patients schizophrènes par rapport aux non-aidants et aux aidants d’adultes présentant d’autres pathologies (maladie d’Alzheimer, cancers, AVC) en France.

Les données ont été obtenues à partir des enquêtes en ligne santé et bien-être France (2010–2013) dans la population adulte (> 18 ans). Le recueil portait sur la QdV (SF-36v2 : dimensions mentale et physique (MCS, PCS), SF-6d (utilités liées à la santé)), les comorbidités liées au stress (insomnie, troubles du sommeil, douleur, céphalées, anxiété, dépression) au cours des 12 derniers mois, l’activité et la productivité au travail et l’utilisation des soins de santé (consultations, passage aux urgences et hospitalisations dans les 6 derniers mois). Les aidants de patients schizophrènes (n = 73) ont été comparés avec les non-aidants (n = 40 326) et les autres aidants (n = 3814) sur les caractéristiques socio-démographiques et les indicateurs relatifs à la santé pour rechercher des différences significatives entre les groupes.

L’âge moyen des aidants de patients schizophrènes était de 51,8 ans (SD = 15,4) ; 64,4 % étaient des femmes ; 45,2 % avaient un emploi ; 53,4 % étaient mariés/en couple ; 76,7 % ont déclaré un revenu < €50 000. Leurs scores de QdV (MCS : 39,7 vs 46,7 ; PCS : 47,2 vs 51,0) et d’utilité (0,63 vs 0,73) étaient significativement plus faibles que chez les non-aidants (p < 0,001) ; ils rapportaient davantage de troubles du sommeil (42,5 % vs 28,0 %), d’insomnie (38,4 % vs 19,4 %), de douleurs (34,2 % vs 22,9 %), de céphalées (45,2 % vs 27,6 %), d’anxiété (46,6 % vs 21,7 %), ou de dépression (20,5 % vs 8,4 %) (p < 0,05) ainsi qu’une moindre activité (34,3 % vs 22,1 %), une augmentation des consultations médicales (9,5 contre 4,9), des passages aux urgences (0,7 vs 0,1) et des hospitalisations (0,8 vs 0,1) (p < 0,001). Des résultats similaires étaient retrouvés par rapport aux autres aidants sur la QdV, l’utilité, les céphalées, l’anxiété et les consommations de soins. Aucune différence significative n’apparaissait sur le score PCS, les autres comorbidités liées au stress, l’activité et la productivité.

Les aidants de patients souffrant de schizophrénie rapportaient une moins bonne QdV, plus de comorbidités liées au stress, de consommation de soins de santé que les non-aidants et les aidants d’autres pathologies.

statistical and qualitative analysis of clients’ reports of 529. The clients were before judicial process and detained in custody in the MDC.

to analyse the frequent problems and the clinical questions by the referral doctors, the necessity of these problems, and the severity of the clients symptoms.

We analysed all the files, and the objectives: referral diagnosis, diagnosis after our examination, suicide intentions, intentional aggravation, heteroagression, psychiatric history, drug use and dependency, current medication, presence of psychotic symptoms.

Between 2007-2014 September there were 529 examinations. The most frequent question was to evaluate the suicide risk and to measure the necessity of the admission to an acute psychiatric unit. The number of the referrals remains 80-90 per year since 2012, 33% of the examined clients were diagnosed with personality disorder at our unit.

Specialised service is needed (Forensic Psychiatric Unit) to evaluate more precisely the severity of suicide risk, and to exclude the intentional behaviour. Consultation and training of the MDC medical staff can enhance the more precise psychiatric evaluation especially to differentiate between personality and major psychiatric disorders.

Suicidal activity is one of the criteria of quality of life and important social status component of society. Known, that cause of most so-called “death from accidents” (drugs overdose, road accidents, falling from height etc.) is actually a suicide.

Verify real cause of accidents death for further suicide prevention.

We analyzed the suicide average value in Ukraine last 5 years.

In 2009 compared to 2008 the number of suicides increased by 2,7% (259 cases) to 9717 cases (+ 5%) in Ukraine. In 2010, number of suicides dropped to 9500 cases. In 2011 8952 cases (19,6 per 100 000 population) in Ukraine committed suicide. During 2012 and 2013 recorded growth of suicidal activity (9060 cases or 19.9 in 2012 VS 9551 case or 20.6 in 2013). But we saw a decrease in total number of suicides hidden due to traffic accidents (5817 cases or 12.8 in 2012 and 5353 cases or 11.8 in 2013), accidental alcohol poisoning (4597 cases or 10.1 VS 3988 cases or 8.8) and other substances (2066 cases or 4.5 VS 1871 cases, or 4 1). While the overall increase in suicides in 2013 was +0.7, a decrease of hidden suicides due to these reasons reached −2.7 per 100 thousand population. Additionally, we noted a decrease in suicides by 2.4% over last 5 years.

Increase in suicidal activity over past two years have caused a redistribution of deaths in home by reducing hidden suicides, such as traffic accidents, alcohol poisoning and other substances.

The relationship between oligohydramnios and psychiatric disturbances is unclear.

This study examined the prevalence of major depression and generalized anxiety disorder in pregnant women with and without a diagnosis of oligohydramnios.

The study sample included 53 pregnant women with a diagnosis of oligohydramnios and 80 healthy pregnant women subjects. Oligohydramnios was defined as an amniotic fluid index of 8cm or less. Major depression and generalized anxiety disorder were diagnosed with the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (SCID-I). The severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), respectively.

Pregnant women with oligohydramnios had higher scores of depressive and anxiety symptom scores, and a higher prevalence rate of major depression (24.5% vs 6.2%) and generalized anxiety disorder (30.2% vs 3.2%). In addition, patients with deep oligohydramnios had a higher prevalence rate of major depression (40.7% vs 7.7%, P=0.009) and GAD (44.4% vs 15.4%, P=0.035) compared to patients with moderate oligohydramnios.

The results of the present study suggest that oligohydramnios appears to be associated with both major depression and generalized anxiety disorder in pregnant women.

IntimatePartner violence (IPV) against women is an international public health concern. Evidence of the association between IPV and morbidity and mortality of women and child abuse is substantial. Primary health care workers play a critical role in detection and management of IPV.

The aim of this survey was to assess the primary care nurses' preparedness to identify and provide nursing care to women exposed to IPV.

A cross-sectional survey was carried out in all primary health care centers in rural communities in one county of southern Taiwan. This survey involved all available nurses (280) in these centers. The response rate was 94.6%. A self- administrative questionnaire was used for data collection.

The preparedness regarding IPV among nurses was weak. 10.2% of the nurses believed they were sufficiently prepared to deal with women exposed to IPV. 13.2% of the nurses have received education or training about dealing with IPV. The most frequently reported barriers to deal with battered women were lack of knowledge and skills about IPV.

These results suggest that an in-service training program need to be set up for nurses working in primary health care centers. This program would help the nurses prepare to intervene more effectively to promote the health of battered women.

Le trouble bipolaire (TB) et la schizophrénie (SZ) sont deux entités distinctes mais qui partagent certaines similarités [1]. Il apparaît donc nécessaire de mettre en évidence des biomarqueurs spécifiques de l’une ou l’autre de ces pathologies. Il a été démontré dans ces deux troubles l’existence d’anomalies du corps calleux (CC) [2] ainsi que des anomalies fonctionnelles liées au langage [3]. Cependant, le lien entre la volumétrie du CC et la latéralisation fonctionnelle pour le langage reste à préciser chez ces deux populations. Nous émettons l’hypothèse que ces deux pathologies présenteraient des anomalies cérébrales différentes.

Vingt patients TB, 20 patients SZ et 40 témoins volontaires sains (TVS) ont été inclus. Un index de latéralisation fonctionnelle (ILF) a été extrait chez chaque participant au sein du réseau de la compréhension du langage. Les données de volumétrie ont été calculées dans la totalité du CC et dans ses différentes sous-régions. Les relations anatomo-fonctionnelles entre ces variables ont été testées.

Les patients SZ présentaient une réduction de l’ILF gauche pour le langage comparativement aux TVS, non retrouvée chez les patients TB. Une réduction du volume du CC a été mise en évidence chez les TB comparativement aux SZ et aux TVS. De plus, les patients TB présentaient une réduction du volume callosal associée à une diminution de l’ILF gauche pour le langage.

Notre étude a révélé l’existence d’une réduction de la volumétrie callosale chez les patients TB, laquelle pourrait être considérée comme un biomarqueur spécifique de cette pathologie. Il semblerait que ces anomalies puissent être à l’origine d’une diminution de la latéralisation fonctionnelle gauche pour le langage. Ainsi, ces résultats nous permettent de conclure que les patients TB auraient une altération du CC plus marquée que les patients SZ, suggérant que le TB et la SZ présentent des mécanismes physiopathologiques distincts.

To study the effect of vital exhaustion (VE) on relative risk of stroke in female population of 25-64 years during 16 years in Russia.

Under the third screening of the WHO “MONICA-psychosocial” (MOPSY) program random representative sample of women aged 25-64 years (n=870) were surveyed in Novosibirsk in 1994. Questionnaire 'MOPSY” was used to measure vital exhaustion (VE). From 1995 to 2010 women were followed for 16 years for the incidence of AH. Cox proportional regression was used for risk (HR) assessment.

The prevalence of high level of VE in women aged 25-64 years was 31.2%.

Stroke was developed in 35 (6.3%) women over 16 years of study. Within 16 years of follow-up women with VE had 3.34-fold risk of stroke (95.0%CI:1.02-10.93; p>0.05) than those without VE. There was a tendency in increasing of stroke rate incidence in those with VE: in married women compared to unmarried ones and widowed; in those with secondary specialized education compared to lower educational levels; in first-line managers and hard manual laborers compared to easy manual workers without VE.

The prevalence of VE in women aged 25-64 years is more than 30%. Women with VE had higher relative risk of stroke over 16 years of follow up. Rates of stroke tend to be higher in managers and manual workers and in married women.

Les effets cliniques de l’intoxication alcoolique aiguë seraient liés à une modulation des systèmes de neurotransmission du GABA et du glutamate. Les caractéristiques longitudinales de cette modulation et l’impact de la dose d’éthanol absorbée restent mal connus. Nous avons voulu étudier in vivo les effets aigus de l’éthanol sur les niveaux de GABA et de glutamate du cortex préfrontal en spectroscopie par résonance magnétique (SRM).

Après une première acquisition de SRM (zone préfrontale), trois groupes de rats Wistar mâles (363 ± 27 g) ont reçu par voie intrapéritonéale (IP) :

– éthanol 1 g/kg (n = 6) ;

– éthanol 2 g/kg (n = 8) ;

– sérum physiologique (n = 5).

Des acquisitions répétées de SRM ont été réalisées jusque 300 minutes post-injection. Une cinétique de l’éthanolémie a également été réalisée dans des groupes similaires de rats Wistar. Après alcoolisation par voie IP, des prélèvements sanguins successifs ont été réalisés jusque 180 minutes pour le groupe 1 g/kg (n = 6) et 300 minutes pour le groupe 2 g/kg (n = 14). Pour la SRM, des analyses statistiques inter- et intragroupes ont été effectuées à l’aide d’un modèle linéaire mixte visant à étudier la variation des taux de GABA et glutamate.

La cinétique de l’éthanolémie était superposable à celle de la cinétique cérébrale. En SRM, une diminution significative du GABA, de 11,4 % ± 3,8 % (p < 0,0059) dans le groupe 1 g/kg et du glutamate de 13,8 % ± 2,6 % dans le groupe 2 g/kg (p < 0,0001) ont été observées, sans modification significative dans les autres groupes. La variation du ratio GABA/glutamate s’est montrée différente entre les deux groupes éthanol avec une augmentation dans le groupe 2 g/kg et une diminution dans le groupe 1 g/kg (p < 0,01).

La dose d’éthanol détermine les variations des niveaux de GABA et de glutamate du cortex préfrontal, pouvant expliquer les différents effets cliniques induits par l’alcool selon la dose.

Recent studies support an important role of microRNAs in cancer and major psychiatric disorders, through their regulotory role on the expression of multiple genes. The low incidence of cancer in patients with schizophrenia as a comorbidity status, is an old hypothesis which needs further investigation mainly on microRNAs function, through their oncosupressive or oncogenic activity, in the development of psychiatric disorders.

The expression pattern of a variety of different was investigated in a sample of patients suffering from schizophrenia (n=6), in a another sample wit a solid tumor (n=10) and in a sample of patients with both schizophrenia and tumor (n=8). MiRNAs analysis was performed in whole blood samples using the miRCURY LNA TM microRNA Aray technology.

A number of 3 microRNAs showed a statistically significant differential expression between the 3 groups. Specifically, significant down-regulation of the let-7p-5p, miR-98-5p and miR-183-5p in the study groups of tumor alone and and tumorand schizophrenia.

The results of the present study that let-7, miR-98 and miR-183 might play an important oncosuppressive role through their regulatory impact in gene expression irrespective of the presence of schizophrenia. Further studies are warranted in order to investigate of these and other mico-RNAs in the molecular pathways of schizophrenia and of other major psychiatric disorders.

“Apple” body shape (Waist-to-Hip Ratio, WHR>1) is a documented risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, the first cause of morbility and mortality in Western societies. Mental disorders, especially anxiety and depression, are also related to cardiovascular diseases with accumulating evidence that these conditions have in common a dysregulation of inflammatory pathways. Nevertheless, joint assessment of WHR and symptoms of anxiety and depression has not been reported commonly so far.

To explore the association between WHR and symptoms of anxiety and depression in a female primary care sample.

Cross-sectional design. Evaluation of all consecutive women undergoing a GP consultation in a Northern Italy Practice. Exclusion criteria: age >40 or >80; use of antidepressants or antipsychotics; previous stroke or heart attack; obesity due to hereditary. Psychometric assessment was done by HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Statistical analysis was performed using STATA.

125 women were assessed. WHR was inversely associated to HADS-Anxiety subscale score (β=-5.28, p=.02) e HADS-Depression subscale score(β=-4.02, p=.04) in the 40-60 years’ subgroup. In particular, WC was positively related to HADS-A (β=13.39, p=.02) e HADS-D (β=10.38, p=.03) while HC was inversely associated to HADS-A (β=-11.3, p=.01) and HADS-D (β=-8.6, p=.03). No associations were found in older groups.

'Pear” body shape (WHR>1), with a peripheral distribution of fat, is inversely associated to symptoms of anxiety and depression in women aged 40 to 60. The post-menopausal transition to the 'apple” model, with a central fat distribution, could explain the lack of correlations in women >60 years.

Des troubles de la familiarité ont été décrits dans la schizophrénie . En particulier, une étude récente a montré un seuil de familiarité pour des visages plus faible chez les patients schizophrènes que chez les témoins, suggérant une hyper-familiarité chez les patients . Or, le traitement global d’un visage semble altéré dans la schizophrénie, alors que le traitement des détails serait préservé . Il a alors été suggéré que le sentiment de familiarité chez les patients serait basé sur un traitement prédominant des détails ; les sujets témoins analyseraient les deux types d’information. Les paradigmes d’inversion des visages altèrent sélectivement le traitement global d’un visage . Dans l’hypothèse où les troubles de la familiarité des visages dans la schizophrénie seraient liés à un traitement déficitaire de l’information globale, l’objectif de cette étude était de montrer un plus faible effet d’inversion des visages sur le sentiment de familiarité chez les patients que chez les témoins.

Quinze patients schizophrènes et 15 témoins ont été inclus. Les stimuli étaient des morphes de visages familiers et inconnus présentés à l’endroit ou inversés (inversion haut-bas). Deux conditions d’inversion ont été utilisées : une inversion totale du visage et une inversion dite de Thatcher, dans laquelle l’orientation originelle des yeux et de la bouche était préservée. Une procédure en go/no-go a permis de mesurer le seuil de familiarité de chaque patient.

Les patients et les témoins n’ont pas montré de seuils de familiarité différents. Contrairement à ce qui était attendu, l’effet d’inversion était significativement plus élevé chez les patients que chez les témoins. Néanmoins, l’illusion de Thatcher permettait d’améliorer les performances des patients.

Les informations globales et de détails semblent nécessaires aux patients pour traiter la familiarité d’un visage. Néanmoins, la restauration de l’information des détails seule permet partiellement d’améliorer ce jugement.

Telepsychiatry is a new method of providing medical care with the use of modern communication technologies. The objective of this study was to examine patient's knowledge about the term ‘telepsychiatry’ and to check their opinion about this way of contacting with a doctor.

To achieve this, the anonymous survey has been carried out on a group of 64 patients aged 24-77. 40 women and 24 men participated in the study, all of them were treated in different clinical settings of the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy in Katowice, Poland.

Preliminary results show, that the majority of respondents have never heard of that term and do not know what it means. However, to every question concerning the utility of telepsychiatry (e.g. ‘Can doctor's contact with patient via video connections be helpful in actual well-being assessment?’) more than half of the participants gave a positive answer. 58 % of patients acknowledged, that doctor's contact with the patient via video connection could be complementary to the eye-to-eye conversation, but it could not replace it. What is interesting, people aged 25-49 as well as women are more prone to reply ‘I don't know. Additionally, outpatient and day psychotherapy ward participants seem to be less willing to attribute positive characteristics to telepsychiatry.

Respondents, regardless of their education, age, gender or diagnose, perceive telepsychiatry advantages. In connection with that, implementing this method into Polish medical service seems to be useful and is in accordance with patients opinion.