Philodromus praelustris Keyserling and P. cespiticolis Walckenaer have annual life cycles in the Niagara Peninsula. Females of P. praelustris produced up to 12 egg sacs containing a total of over 200 eggs in an insectary but the later eggs did not hatch. Fecundity of females in the orchards appeared to be considerably lower.

There was no experimental evidence that P. praelustris disperses by ballooning though some very young individuals probably do so. All stages disperse by bridging, i.e., by casting an air-borne loop of web that catches on distant objects.

P. praelustris perceives prey by contact or, over very short distances, by vision. Two species of ants were rejected as prey.

An illustrated key to the last-instar larval cephalic structures of parasites reared from larvae of Spilonota ocellana (D. & S.), notes on habits of the parasites, and a description of their cocoons and pupae are given. Rearing techniques are described. The parasites reared are Gelis tenellus (Say), Hyposoter sp., Meteorus argyrotaeniae Johansen, Phanerotoma recurvariae Cush., Apanteles sp., Agathis dimidiator (Nees.), Euderus cushmani Cwfd., and Sympiesis bimaculatipennis (Grlt.).

Sixty-nine species of primary insect parasites and 12 associated hyperparasites of the armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haw.), are listed. All the species occur in the United States or Canada or both; two have been recorded from the host only in Hawaii.

Observations on 23 of the primary species in Canada are reported with particular reference to host-parasite relationships, general distribution, and the degree of parasitism by the principal species. Seven secondary parasites and their primary parasite hosts are discussed.

The first record of Frumenta nundinella (Zeller) in Canada is reported, with notes on development in the only known host, Solanum carolinense L.

Several species of Epuraea have been reared from fungi causing diseases of pine and oak over much of northern United States and Canada. Epuraea obliquus Hatch and E. boreades new species are described and figured. Three other species, E. avara (Rand.), E. corticina Er., and E. terminalis Mann., were reared from oak wilt fungus mats.

Volume 98, 1966

Page 1277, second line from bottom of page for duct read diverticulum.

The flying season (sensu lato) and emergence period of Anax junius Drury were determined by routine counts of adults and exuvial collections at a small woodland pond m northern Illinois. The flying season, in this case including activity of apparently young adults, was from April to mid-November. Emergence listed 55 days (26 August to 19 October 1965), the pattern being of the "summer" species type. Before emergence began all adults appeared to be mature and oviposition was often seen. After emergence began, apparently young adults predominated and no oviposition was seen.

Eggs, larvae, and cocoons of Neodiprion nanulus nanulus Schedl, from an isolated infestation in a small plantation of red pine, Pinus resinosa Aiton, near Fredericton, N.B., were reared for parasites. Nine species of ichneumonids were obtained, eight of which are first records from this host in the Maritime Provinces.

For maturation feeding, the teneral adults of Pseudohylesinus nebulosus (LeConte) infest healthy twigs of Douglas-fir trees, where they excavate short, irregular galleries in the wood. Mechanically damaged twigs and smaller branches then break off, or a canker-like structure, vulnerable to further breakage, develops at the place of feeding. Some silvicultural and forest entomological implications are mentioned.

A new species, Geotrupes (Geotrupes) fisheri, from Nevada de Golima, Jalisco, Mexico, is described and compared with the related Geotrupes cavicollis Bates. Figures and a description of the larva of Ceratotrupes bolivari Halffter and Martinez are included, along with notes on its biology.

An account is given of host acceptance, the influence of temperature on fecundity and longevity, and searching capacity of Chrysocharis laricinellae (Raczeburg), a parasite of the larch casebearer, Coleophora laricella (Hübner).

Fourth-instar case-bearing larvae were the preferred stages for attack. The size of the parasite progeny varied directly with the size of the host. Fecundity of progeny reared from small hosts was significantly less than that of progeny reared from large hosts. Not all parasite adults could successfully oviposit through the tough skin of the host pupa. C. laricinellae showed poor searching capacity. Superparasitism was common at low host densities of the casebearer and resulted in either one parasite emerging or in total parasite mortality. A sex ratio where females predominated resulted when sufficient numbers of preferred stages of the host were presented to mated C. laricinellae. The temperature threshold for attacking hosts was 55°F, and for development of the parasite 40°F. At 50°F the adults lived 4 months on the average.

Therefore C. laricinellae is able to survive in the field without alternate hosts and at very low host densities. The parasite seems to depend on a continuing supply of suitable instars of host species in sufficient numbers to be effective. If C. laricella is the only available host species in the ecosystem the biological control value of this chalcid must be rated as poor.

Gaurax patelainae, a new species reared from the bracket fungus, Polyporus betulinus Bull. ex Fr., is described from Quebec and Ontario.

Surveys in unsprayed orchards showed that the wild flowers that are food sources for adult parasites influence the extent to which host Lepidoptera are parasitized. Proportionately about 18 times as many tent caterpillar pupae were parasitized in orchards with rich undergrowths of wild flowers as in orchards with poor floral undergrowths. The corresponding figures for tent caterpillar egg parasitisms were about 4 to 1, and for codling moth larvae about 5 to 1. Orchards with average undergrowths of wild flowers produced intermediate figures.

The cabbage maggot, Hylemya brassicae, has a facultative diapause induced by the appropriate conditions of light and temperature: 16 hours of light per 24 hours at 20 °C produce nondiapause pupae while 12 hours of light per 24 hours at 20 °C produce diapause pupae. Diapause can be terminated if the pupae are exposed to temperatures from 0 to 5 °C for 4–5 months. Discrepancies in the literature with regard to the foregoing facts are explained.

In two well-kept but nonsprayed orchards, the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), was more numerous and caused more leaf damage to Delicious than to Spartan or McIntosh apple trees. The predacious phytoseiid mites, Metaseiulus occidentalis (Nesbitt) and Neoseiulus caudiglans (Schuster), were more numerous on both Spartan and McIntosh than on Delicious. The differences in the external structure of the leaves may be the reason for the greater abundance of phytoseiids on Spartan and McIntosh.

Volume 99, 1967

Page 720, lines 4 and 5 from bottom of page, delete Type described from Dahurien (Kentei-Gebirge and Apfel-Gebirge) collected by Radde.

The apholate-sterilized males of Aedes aegypti deplete their sperm earlier than the normal males. This indicates reduced fecundity of the sterilized mosquitoes and may result from either death of gonial cells at different stages of development or an inhibited rate of spermatogenesis.