The biota associated with Monochamus species collected in Maine include species of Acarina, Diptera, Hymenoptera and Nematoda, as well as fungal and bacterial pathogens.

Mites belonging to seven families and thirteen genera were found in association with the sawyers. Two species were previously unknown and have since been described as the new genus and species Longoseius cuniculus Chant of the family Digamasellidae and the new genus and species Mucroseius monochami Lindquist of the family Blattisocidae. Parasitic diptera belonged to three genera in three different families, and of these one contained a new species, Forcipomyia innom., family Ceratopogonidae, which was found as an intermittent parasite of adult Monochamus notatus and Monochamus scutellatus. This constitutes a new host record for the biting midge family. Only one hymenopterous parasite, a species of Dolichomitus was reared from a sawyer larva. The five genera of nematodes isolated from larvae, pupae, and adults of Monochamus species include specimens of the genus Hexamermis. Parasitism by this group is thought to be unusual because of the relative inaccessibility of the host. Isolates from eight fungal genera were obtained, and strains of Beauveria bassiana, and Isaria farinosa, were shown to be pathogenic. The bacteria isolated from dead sawyers included Aerobacter aerogenes, Bacillus cereus var. mycoides, and one unidentified species. Only the tachinid E. monohammi and the mite Uropoda have been previously reported of the large number of organisms found associated with sawyer beetles in this study. The fungus Beauveria bassiana proved to be the most important biological control agent.

A flexible cuticle found in the lepidopterous wing base is described and illustrated. The staining reaction of this cuticle with Mallory's triple stain is discussed and the variations in the form of this cuticle within the Lepidoptera are given.

This report shows: (1) by starvation tests on representative economic plants that none of them is a suitable host for C. lunula, (2) by feeding tests on plants in the Scrophulariaceae that only plants in the tribe Antirrhineae are potential hosts of the larvae, (3) by feeding tests with plant extracts that plants in the tribe Antirrhineae contain an unidentified feeding stimulant, (4) by preference tests with adults and larvae that, although the moths can be raised with difficulty in the laboratory on snapdragon and other ornamentals in the susceptible tribe, they are unlikely to attack these plants in nature.

On a collecting trip to the Codroy Valley region of southwestern Newfoundland in 1959, the author obtained specimens of a Leucania recognized at the time as an unfamiliar species. Subsequent investigation soon established that it was Leucania comma L., a Palaearctic species not previously known from North America. In late June and early July of 1959, this was the commonest of three species of Leucania present, and actually one of the commonest Noctuids that came to the lanterns. On a recent trip to the same area, from late July until mid-August, 1962, comma was again encountered, but most specimens were at that time very worn. In 1954 the author spent three weeks on the Avalon Peninsula, but comma was not found on that occasion. It was not listed by Krogerus in his paper of 1954, although he recorded as quite common in cultivated areas of western Newfoundland the superficially similar L. comoides Gn., a species the present writer has not seen from there.

In European countries parasitism of toads by flies of the genus Bufolucilia is of rather common occurence. Although the species silvarum is holarctic in distribution, Hall (1947) considers it “not a common species” in North America. At the time of his publication it had been reported from only one species of North American anuran, the Bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, when forty-eight parasitized frogs of this species were discovered near Franklin, California. Since then, reference to the species in the literature seems to be limited to reports of the adult flies (James, 1953; Schoof, et al., 1956; and Judd, 1956).

The secretion of the extrafloral nectaries on peach leaves is consumed by many insects. It is especially important as food for some stages of a number of predators and parasites that usually feed on honeydew and blossoms, but it cannot completely replace these foods for those species requiring nitrogenous components.