Twenty-first-century trade agreements increasingly are a source of international law on investment and competition. With chapters contributed by leading practitioners and academics, this volume draws upon investor-state arbitration and competition/antitrust disputes to focus on the application of economics to international trade law and specifically WTO law. Written in an accessible language suitable for a broad readership while providing concrete insights designed for the specialist, this book will be of use to those active or interested in the related fields of trade disputes, competition law, and investor-state arbitration.

'Government officials and commercial litigants increasingly rely on technical, economic analysis in their international trade and investment disputes. At the same time, the public has also become more motivated to understand how the legal decisions arising from the World Trade Organization and investor-state dispute settlement - which they perceive as potentially constraining their policymakers’ access to regulation - are being made. Jansen, Pauwelyn, and Carpenter bring together scholars from a range of disciplines to provide this much-needed volume. Their collection investigates the benefits and costs of integrating economic insights into international jurisprudence, as well as identifying perils for the road ahead.'

Chad P. Bown - Peterson Institute for International Economics

'In the field of competition policy the use of economic analysis has been the norm for many recent decades. This practice is now gradually becoming the norm in trade and investment disputes as well. The outstanding contributions from practitioners and academics in this fascinating volume demonstrate that together with a deep understanding of the law economic analysis is absolutely key in trade and investment disputes just as it is in competition policy. It is heartening to see that law and economics are again used together in modern regulatory cases as they were in classical times.'

André Sapir - Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium and former Economic Advisor to the President of the European Commission

'This very useful volume contains analyses by leading scholars and practitioners of the increasing use of economic analysis in WTO dispute resolution, investor-state arbitration, and competition law. This includes the expected areas - such as causation, market definition, likeness, etc., as well as newer developments such as necessity and commercial impact, where the use of economists is an emerging trend. It will be very helpful for those trying to understand the areas - and their interrelationships - and also those trying to win their cases.'

Gary Horlick - Adjunct Professor of Law, Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, DC

'This timely and critical publication compiles innovative insights from first-range experts on the use of economics in international trade and investment dispute settlement. It offers lessons learnt from state-state dispute settlement in the WTO and investor-state dispute settlement under international investment agreements. It provides practical guidance on how economists and lawyers can work together to create synergies between the two disciplines. A 'must-read' for practitioners in the field, the book will undoubtedly also inspire a much broader range of policymakers and other stakeholders that are grappling with the interface of law and economics in the pursuit of today’s sustainable development imperative.'

James Zhan - Director, Investment and Enterprise Division, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

'From my perspective of investor-state dispute settlement, this is a most welcome contribution that explores the interactions between law and economics present at many stages of an investment arbitration, not only at the quantum stage but equally at the level of liability - what are the economics of the project or contract? How to assess causation? Or contributory negligence? The search for coherence between trade and investment law, which is one of the themes of the book, can also provide guidance to investment specialists. In other words, for many reasons, a very valuable new tool.'

Gabrielle Kaufmann-Kohler - Geneva University Law School and Attorney at law with Lévy Kaufmann-Kohler

'The dispute settlement system at the WTO is unique among international organisations and any contribution that seeks to strengthen the system is most welcome. This book draws upon investor-state arbitration and competition/antitrust disputes to focus on the application of economics to international trade law and specifically WTO law. It collects precious insights from practitioners and academics, bringing economists and lawyers together to work towards solutions that are credible and that enhance the system. It is a most welcome contribution.'

Karl Brauner - Deputy Director, World Trade Organization