The opulence of Antioch and Daphne’s houses is well known; how new theoretical and methodological approaches help us evaluate this complicated archaeological record is the focus of this chapter.

Chapter 7 explores the life on the water for Japanese sailors, and their tenuous connections to the Japanese home islands. Japanese society was mobilized for total warfare, which meant letter-writing campaigns for Japanese school children. Japanese society valorized the Imperial Japanese Navy, the pride of the nation, particularly after such Japanese victories at the Battle of Kolombangara.

The earliest Greek pottery at the coast of Málaga comprise two Middle Geometric II skyphoi from La Rebanadilla, on the mouth of the Guadalhorce River. They are associated with local, Phoenician, Cypriot and Villanovan ceramics, all of them part of feasting tableware. The Geometric pottery from La Rebanadilla is dated to the second half of the 9th century BCE by means of calibrated radiocarbon dates. In the 8th century BCE, Greek imports were not consumed at coastal Málaga, except for a transport amphora from Cerro del Villar. Despite the scarcity of Greek imports during the 8th century BCE, skyphoi of Greek type were produced in Phoenician workshops in the region of Málaga and became surprisingly common in the next century. This new local shape became common at sites such as Toscanos, demonstrating that the ritual consumption of wine with skyphoi was appropriated by the Phoenicians.

This chapter examines Harriet Martineau’s approach to gender politics through her understanding of ‘manliness’ as explored in a selection of her Illustrations of Political Economy (1832−4). It was a concept essential to her configuration of male leadership fit for the testing times of the early 1830s, and highly topical. Published when the pressures experienced by men of all classes were being highlighted in periodicals and novels, the tales address the differences between ‘personality’ and ‘character’ in crises faced by fathers and husbands, magistrates and petty criminals, trades union activists, landowners, and slave-owners, at home and in the colonies, as they debate the injustices of their living and working conditions. This chapter argues that Martineau’s interventions in contemporary debates about masculinity shift the focus to a new kind of conscientious working man whose values are tested in cross-class dialogues in public places. It explores the ways in which the Illustrations show how men collaborate and compete within their communities, and the ambiguous gender messages arising from patterns of reward and punishment that seem to devalue otherwise positive characteristics.

In popular narratives of paleoanthropology and human origins, Charles Darwin is customarily cited as the first person to propose in 1871 that the African continent was the original home of the human species—a proposition subsequently supported in 1925 by Raymond Dart’s announcement of the discovery of Australopithecus africanus. While correct in its details, this mythological reading of the discovery of African origins elides critical points of debate and disjuncture and quietly obscures the formative roles of race science and racist science in the development of the evolutionary sciences. This chapter explores whether Darwin’s original hypothesis was as unusual as customarily claimed; when and how Dart’s Australopithecus came to be accepted as valid evolutionary evidence; and traces the mid-twentieth century origins of the myth itself.

Chapter 1 focuses on terminology and basic concepts of the area, and places multivariate biomarker discovery in the context of biomarker studies and personalized medicine. For ease of reference, included are also short descriptions of some of the terms and concepts introduced and discussed in various parts of the book.

The first and most important step into the Peripatetic study of living beings is the observation that life takes many forms. In the sublunary world, it takes the form of plant and animal life (with human life as a special kind of animal life). When Aristotle and Theophrastus speak of animals and plants, they never assume that they are a single form of life. This is confirmed by what we read at the outset of the Meteorology, where Aristotle outlines an ambitious research program that ends with separate yet coordinated studies of “animals and plants.” Whether there is unity, and how much unity there is, in these two studies remains an open question at the outset of the Meteorology. But when we look at the two corpora of writings that Aristotle and Theophrastus have left on the topic of animals and plants, we see that the unity they are able secure is limited. Last but not least, this chapter shows that the study of the nutritive soul advanced in Aristotle’s De anima cannot secure unity within the study of animals and plants.

Most intelligence models include an array of processes and mechanisms that enable experts to generalize their knowledge and processes during career transitions and produce flexibility in cognitive structures that enable individuals to overcome limitations in applying expert knowledge and processes across domains and functional areas. These processes have been described variously as insightful thinking, induction, eduction, elaborating and mapping, novelty and metaphorical capacity, inductive inference, divergent production abilities, analogy, flexibility of use, and closure. They are discussed in light of the retrospective interviews with twenty-four elite performers in three domains (business, sports, and music) who successfully and repeatedly transitioned to higher positions within their field.

The need for differential geometry is explained by considering the construction of parallel straight lines running far from each other in Euclidean space. Generalisation of the notion of parallelism to curved surfaces is explained.

We here round off a book on biophysical foundations and computational modeling of electric and magnetic signals in the brain. We summarize some key insights from such modeling, and we clear up some common misconceptions about extracellular potentials. We address the main limitations with the standard modeling framework used to compute extracellular potentials, discussing the uncertainty in model parameters and its neglect of ephaptic interactions between active neurons. We identify what we believe are key areas of future applications and give an outlook for future modeling challenges.