This chapter presents case studies from ten countries: Argentina, Brazil, Egypt, India, Iran, Japan, Pakistan, South Africa, South Korea, and Spain. These cases show that many world leaders believe that nuclear latency provides greater international influence.

This chapter provides an overview of the book.

The most combinatorially interesting maximal subgroups of M24 are the stabilizers of an octad, a duum, a sextet and a trio. In this chapter we investigate the way in which the stabilizer of one of these objects acts on the others. This involves some basic but fascinating character theory; the approach given here is intended to be self-contained. For each of the four types of object we draw a graph in which each member is joined to members of the shortest orbit of its stabilizer. Thus in the octad graph we join two octads if they are disjoint; we join two dua if they cut one another 8.4/4.8; we join two sextets if the tetrads of one cut the tetrads of the other (22.04)6; and we join two trios if they have an octad in common. A diagram of each of these four graphs is included as is the way in which these graphs decompose under the action of one of the other stabilizers. Each of these graphs is, of course, preserved by M24.

How do we become moral persons? What about children’s active learning in contrast to parenting? What can children teach us about knowledge-making more broadly? My book explores such questions via analyzing old fieldnotes collected by Arthur and Margery Wolf in a Taiwan village (1958–60) in Martial Law Era, before rapid economic growth, industrialization and urbanization. Born from the Six Cultures Study, a landmark project in cross-cultural research, the Wolfs’ fieldwork was the first ethnographic study on ethnic Han children. Bringing to light the rich texts of systematic observation, interview and projective tests, I combined ethnographic interpretation with NLP and machine learning techniques, behavioral coding and social network analysis. I explain how children defied parental commands and violated cultural precepts. I trace how they navigated cooperation, conflict and the gray areas in between, with complex moral sensibilities and gendered expressions, and highlight the role of peers and siblings. I connect the two themes, learning morality and making ethnography, in light of social cognition, and urge all of us to take children seriously.

The Conway group ·O is defined to be the group of all symmetries of Λ fixing the origin. The manner in which Λ has been constructed ensures that it is preserved by all permutations of M24 and all sign changes on a $\mathcal{C}$; we now introduce the Conway element ξT that is not in the aforementioned group of shape 212 : M24 and which we can show preserves Λ. We use ξT to prove transitivity on type 2 vectors, type 3 vectors and crosses, and are then able to work out the order of ·O. This construction is now repeated using the algebra package Magma and a full explanation of the computation is included. An important Remark explains how every element of ·O corresponds in a certain sense to one of the crosses. The stabilizers of a type 2 vector and of a type 3 vector are the Conway groups Co2 and Co3, respectively. Each of these sporadic groups is described in some detail, both manually and computationally using Magma. The Classification of Finite Simple Groups (CFSG) states that any finite simple group is either a member of one of the known infinite families or it is one of 26 sporadic groups. We give a brief description of these groups and how they were discovered, and refer the reader to more complete expositions. We conclude by mentioning the remarkable observation made by John McKay that relates the modular function j to the degrees of irreducible representations of the Monster group M. Conway referred to this tantalizing connection with number theory as Monstrous Moonshine.

Catatonia is a severe neuropsychiatric condition characterized by a state of immobility, stupor, and unresponsiveness to the environment. Signs and symptoms can be thought of in terms of motor signs, affective features, and cognitive-behavioral features. Common symptoms of catatonia can include stupor, rigidity, posturing, mutism, or prolonged excitement and agitation. Benzodiazepines and electroconvulsive therapy are the most commonlly used treatments for catatonia. Both treatments have shown similar efficacy.

Macrothermal radiation theory and analysis methods have been widely used in several real applications, such as heat transfer processes in the industrial boiler, radiant heat exchanger design, solar-thermal conversion in solar power plants, and so on. This chapter will cover the applications associated with macrothermal properties control, and some typical application examples will be given, hoping to offer a guidance in engineering applications.

In this chapter we use the historical example of the coffee leaf rust pathogen to illustrate various issues of agroecology, emphasizing the ecological concepts of critical transitions, hysteresis, and ecological regime change – an example from basic ecology of the dialectical principle of transition from the quantitative to the qualitative. Beginning with the plantation system and its social and ecological importance, we review the basic ecology of the coffee rust disease and show how the sociopolitical arrangement of the plantation system interpenetrates the biological realities of the pathogen to create conditions for the critical transition.

Bipolar disorder is a condition that is commonly encountered in the older adult population. Estimates are that up to 4.5% of adults in the US are affected by bipolar disorder. The estimates for older adults are between 0.5 and 1%. Starting a mood stabilizer or second-generation antipsychotic is a good first choice for those who are depressed with a known personal history of bipolar disorder and who are not already on one. It is important for healthcare providers in long-term care settings to recognize early signs of psychiatric destabilization in those with bipolar disorder. Signs of destabilization in older adults can be decreased need for sleep, increased irritability, a general increase in activity, or even the development of psychosis (delusions or hallucinations).

Major depressive disorder is a serious and life-threatening condition not uncommon to older adults. Only 60-70% of patients respond to an adequate trial of two different antidepressants. Reasonable strategies to address treatment-resistant depression in older adults include adding an antidepressant in another class or adding one or more of many available augmentation agents. When patients have treatment-resistant depression a clinician may need to consider nonpharmacologic therapies for depression such as electroconvulsive therapy or transcranial magnetic stimulation.

The potential of substance use disorders in older adults is often overlooked in a general health assessment. Substance use disorders have a high comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders. Physiologic changes in older adults make them more susceptible to the negative effects of alcohol use. With the proper support and resources older adults with alcohol use disorder can live a healthier, happier life free from alcohol. Cannabis use is increasing in all age groups including older adults. Be aware that older adults may be using cannabis to self medicate psychiatric conditions such as anxiety and depression or to treat chronic pain despite limited evidence for long term improvement. Older adults may be at risk of opiate use disorder due to chronic pain issues, multiple medical comorbidities, and psychiatric comorbidities. Treatment options for opioid use disorder such as medications, outpatient treatment programs, and psychosocial supports are often as effective in older adults as in younger patients.

Schizoaffective disorder is a psychiatric disorder in which patients demonstrate a combination of symptoms associated with schizophrenia and a mood disorder such as bipolar disorder or depression. The symptoms of schizophrenia and mood disorder occur concomitantly for a substantial portion of the illness duration. If a resident has been stable on a psychiatric drug regimen, it is advisable to avoid any major change because obtaining a similar good therapeutic response from a different drug regimen is not predictable or assured. All antipsychotics have the potential to cause weight gain and increase the risk of obesity and related hyperlipidemia and diabetes. Atypical antipsychotics can be thought of as being high, medium, and low risk for these complications. Antipsychotics thought to be low risk for metabolic syndrome include cariprazine, lurasidone, lumateperone, ziprasidone, pimavanserin, aripiprazole, and brexpiprazole.

The implications of unrecognized pain in those with MNCD are far-reaching.  Untreated pain can lead to the destabilization of psychiatric conditions such as anxiety, depression, and agitation.  Those with cognitive impairments are more likely to have longer waits for the evaluation of pain and receive weaker analgesia.As needed pain medications given to those with MNCD in the LTC setting may depend too heavily on the judgment of those inadequately trained to assess pain.  Regularly scheduled pain medications may be a more appropriate option. Always keep the possibility of medication error in the differential diagnosis for apparent changes in mental status. Inadequate pain control negatively impacts mental health in older adults.  Those with MNCD with inadequately controlled pain may present with atypical symptoms when compared to those without MNCD. Consider both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions when formulating a treatment plan for chronic pain in older adults. Opiates may have the best benefit/risk ratio for the treatment of chronic pain in some older adults.