The Naoshima Onna Bunraku, an all-female bunraku troupe on the island of Naoshima in Japan's Seto Inland Sea, has revitalized a puppetry tradition dating back to the Edo period (1603–1868). This article examines how the Naoshima Onna Bunraku negotiates the pull of its local, community-oriented past and its global present as a folk performing art on an island now known for art tourism as the site of the Setouchi Triennale. I trace Naoshima's puppetry networks from the Seto Inland Sea that nurtured their ancestors to new networks that extend globally to reveal the dynamic flows that animate and sustain puppetry on Naoshima.

The identification and quantification of the water associated with powdered clinoptilolite and clinoptilolite-bearing tuffs were made using thermogravimetric, vacuum gravimetric, and differential scanning calorimetric techniques. Inflection points on thermogravimetric curves at approximately 80° and 170°C correspond to changes in the proportions of externally adsorbed water to loosely bound zeolitic water and loosely bound zeolitic water to tightly bound zeolitic water, respectively. These three types of water can be differentiated by temperatures and heats of dehydration obtained from differential scanning calorimetry. These temperatures and heats of hydration are 75 ± 10°C and 59.2 ± 5.9 kJ/mole H2O, 171 ± 2°C and 58.7 ± 6.1 kJ/mole H2O, and 271 ± 4°C and 78.7 ± 7.0 kJ/mole H2O for external water, loosely bound water, and tightly bound water, respectively. The ratio of loosely bound zeolitic water to tightly bound zeolitic water determined in this study is similar to that reported in the literature from structural determinations, indicating that the desorption properties of clinoptilolite are determined by the specific positions of the water molecules in the structure.

There is a growing concern in the western world with the nature and function of democracy, a concern induced by outside pressures of conflicting ideologies and by internal development of protective devices. The latter source of concern, which finds its highlight in America in congressional investigative techniques, has its origins in the practical and political arena. The issues it raises are tremendously significant for the future growth of democratic processes of government. The struggles which it has released will be a long time abating. But behind these local issues of democracy there lies a more subtle and less popular difficulty, the difficulty of harnessing enlightened political consciousness to the broad-based electorate required by democratic theory. This particular difficulty is not without its practical ramifications and applications; in fact, it is the nub of the struggle over investigative techniques in America. But the problem of uniting political wisdom with an extended franchise has a closer connection with the theory of democracy than does the problem of technique of investigations: it raises, in fact, the critical theoretical question of whether democracy is possible. Put more carefully, the question to which I have reference asks whether democracy is possible as government directed from below by the electorate, or from above by the intelligentsia.

The Royal College of Psychiatrists’ report CR193 details the responsibilities of psychiatrists who provide expert evidence to courts and tribunals. This brief commentary describes the rewards and challenges of expert witness work, the author's role as the College's Lead for Expert Witnesses, and importance of CR193 for expert psychiatric witnesses.

The adsorption of acetamide and partly hydrolyzed Polyacrylamides onto montmorillonite has been investigated with emphasis on the valency of the exchangeable cation of the clay and the ionic strength of the medium. A difference in the adsorption of acetamide from 3 mg/g to 0.6 mg/g was observed when a Na+-clay was changed to a Al3+-clay. For Polyacrylamide, an opposite effect was observed, and the fixation increased from 3 mg/g (Na+-clay) to 18 mg/g (Al3+-clay). This difference in behavior may be accounted for by the decrease in adsorption sites due to partial flocculation in the presence of polyvalent cations (tactoid formation). Adsorption in a saline medium is two- to fivefold greater for diverse polymers and substantially less for acetamide (from 3.0 mg/g to 0.77 mg/g). An increase in the degree of hydrolysis of the polymer results in a significant increase in adsorption. In contrast, a change of molecular weight has practically no influence upon the adsorption ratio. The results obtained in saline medium may be explained by a size decrease of the macromolecules, allowing a closer approach to the surface of the mineral substrate, and by a chain lengthening as the degree of hydrolysis increases, induced by the electrostatic repulsions between the COO− groups.

This article offers a new interpretation of καθαρίζων πάντα τὰ βρώματα in Mark 7.19c. After reviewing and offering some nuance to an emerging non-antinomian interpretation of 7.15a/18b, I turn to Mark 7.19c and argue that the phrase καθαρίζων πάντα τὰ βρώματα should be understood as a part of Jesus' speech in 7.18–19. Jesus’ argument, I suggest, is that ritually defiled food cannot defile humans through ingestion because humans purify all foods from ritual impurity through digestion. This reasoning depends on a widespread Jewish view that excrement is impervious to ritual impurity: because all excrement is pure, the stomach acts as a purifying agent that purifies all food from ritual impurity. I proffer that the common translation of Mark 7.19c – ‘Thus he declared all foods clean’ (NRSV) – should therefore be abandoned.

This article explores the relationship of a minor variant in Hebrews 2.9 – Jesus dead ‘apart from God’ (χωρὶς θɛοῦ) – with the minor variant of Mark 15.34 and more broadly with Psalm 22.2, as suggested by Harnack, Michel, Zuntz, Elliott, Ehrman and Rodgers. First, it highlights new elements in the file of the evidence of Heb 2.9 and compares it with the case of Mark 15.34. Secondly, it demonstrates that paying attention to the minor variants of Heb 2.9 and Mark 15.34 allows one to grasp better the diversity of Jewish and early Christian readings of Ps 22.2 or Ps 21.2 LXX: these readings provide a plausible context to explain the emergence of these two minor variants.

Cation-exchange capacities determined by methylene blue adsorption (CEC MB) and by the amount of K displaced from a K-saturated clay by NH4 (CEC K//NH4) correlate closely in five soil clays from Pennsylvania, but differ greatly in two soil clays with a large content of amorphous material. CEC MB was found to provide a more precise distinction between montmorillonite and vermiculite than CEC K//NH4. Synthetic aluminosilicate gels showed CEC K//NH4 > CEC Ca/Mg > CEC MB, but no relation to the behavior of the two soil clays with a large content of amorphous material was found.

Contemporary study of language has turned to questions of linguistic structure and cognitive psychology of a sort that aroused little interest in the immediately preceding period. The extent to which this is a return to long neglected topics rather than an innovation is not widely appreciated, however, and I would like to comment briefly on this matter here.

A central topic of much current research is what we may call the “creative” aspect of language use, that is, its unboundedness and freedom from stimulus control. The speaker-hearer whose normal use of language is “creative,” in this sense, must have internalized a system of rules that determines the semantic interpretations of an unbounded set of sentences; he must, in other words, be in control of what is now often called a generative grammar of his language. A generative grammar must determine the structural description of each possible sentence, where the structural description of a sentence is a formal object of some sort that contains what information the rules of the language provide concerning the semantic content and phonetic form of this sentence.

This article defines and explores the concept of ‘resistance’ as a source of musical meaning in performance. Using Pierre Bourdieu's concept of ‘habitus’ as a framework, I examine my musical habitus: the embodied, internalised ways I play my instrument and think about music, which reflect my extensive musical histories and the fields in which these histories have taken place. Resistance arises in practice when this habitus is undermined. When the types of musicking undertaken circumvent my habituated understanding of acceptable performance and performative roles, it manifests as a pull towards more familiar modes of musical engagement. Making specific reference to resistance experienced in the development and performance of Alex Harker's Drift Shadow (2021), for solo oboe and electronics, the article outlines the ways in which my subjective relationship to my instrument and my role as a performer produce particular understandings of a work that can then nuance the way I play the piece.

Chrome chlorite associated with the chromite deposits of the Nuggihalli schist belt has been investigated by detailed mineralogical, chemical, X-ray diffraction, differential thermal and i.r. spectral analyses. Following the nomenclature of Lapham (1958) it is inferred that the chromium of the chrome chlorite is in the tetrahedral position and therefore the mineral is kotschubeite and not kaemmererite as suggested by earlier workers.

The massive literature of modern psychology, which embraces so many important and unimportant subjects, fails conspicuously to deal with one fundamental human problem—many would term it the fundamental human problem—death. Why, when there are libraries of books on every aspect of normal or abnormal character in infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and (more recently) old age, is the human adjustment to death ignored? An essay by Freud, several articles by Schilder, a volume by Anthony, and a few other scattered papers virtually exhaust the scientific literature on the subject. Does the vain Faustian spirit, searching ever for the light, fear to examine the heart of darkness? Or has society, uncloaking sexuality, put death in its place as a secret rite not to be discussed in public? Has psychology, like so much of physics, become a kind of dignified engineering, forsaking truth for utility and therefore disinterested in a matter about which nothing can be done? Or is it felt that inquiry can disclose no more than what has always been known—that all men are mortal?

Smectite (from South Dakota, Wyoming, and Mississippi) and Vermiculite (Transvaal) were treated with solutions of Al(OH)B(3-B)+, with B varying from 0 to 2.5. The average basicity (OH/Al = B) of the Al adsorbed differed very much from the basicity of the Al added. The average basicity of the Al adsorbed by smectite was always above the average basicity of the Al added. In contrast to smectite, Vermiculite adsorbed smaller hydroxy-Al complexes. One reason for the different selective behavior was the difference in expansion between smectite (about 18 Å) and vermiculite (about 14 Å). Because of the adsorption of the relatively more basic OH-Al by smectite, smectite adsorbed considerably more Al than vermiculite. The total amount of aluminum in the interlayer generally could not be calculated by the difference between Al added and that remaining in solution after the reaction because of possible protonation of the clay mineral and adsorption of structural Al and other cations, which is more pronounced for vermiculite. The results in the present study demonstrated that neither the quantitative nor the qualitative composition of an Al(OH)B-treated exchanger can be deduced from B of the Al salts added. These points are frequently overlooked when cation exchangers are pretreated with Al of variable basicity and are used for further investigations, such as studies of CEC, surface area, interlayer spacing, anion reactions, the formation of gibbsite, etc. Before these kinds of investigations are conducted employing the pretreated OH-Al-exchangers, their composition should be known precisely.

Is the experience of the primitives fundamentally different from ours, or is there only a difference of degree? What is striking at first is that this experience presents two aspects. On the one hand, the primitives understand and think as we do; they distinguish objects and their relationships by localizing them in the space and time of the exterior world, by separating them from the subjective “I”, in short by objectifying them in a rational manner. This is the “natural” aspect of primitive experience.