An orientation to prevention is critical to abate the existing mental health crisis, with one in five US adults presently having a mental illness. The unmet need for mental health services is grounded in tenacious health, social, racial, and economic disparities, exacerbated by the pandemics of COVID-19 and racism. These realities present an unremitting threat to people’s lives, their physical welfare, and their psychological and social well-being. Despite a dearth of prevention training, psychologists and counselors may be best positioned to engage in prevention work. As professionals, we often feel powerless to prevent human suffering, and yet, we yearn, deep in our hearts, for a way to intervene earlier so as to prevent pain in our communities, intuitively aware that a way exists to make people’s lives easier and our work more impactful. This chapter introduces the approach of the book, which is to provide mental health professionals with the knowledge, resources, and tools to engage in “before-the-fact” intervention, to apply an ounce of prevention to the work we do, and to utilize a strength-based, culturally focused framework. In addition, this chapter provides a rationale and definition of prevention and an overview of the model prevention programs presented in this book.

When faced with the inevitable task of interpreting customary international law (CIL), what should a court do and what should it consider? Should it engage in an ‘inductive’ process of sifting through available evidence of state practice and opinio juris or a deductive process designed to reason logically from principles embedded in the rule? Should the court invoke something like the rules of treaty interpretation with their focus on good faith, ordinary meaning, context, and object and purpose? International law doctrine falls short here. Figuring out how to interpret and apply custom requires a theory of custom, a focus on the normative stories we tell. This reveals that there is not just one story explaining why custom should be a source of law, but multiple stories. What we call ‘custom’ may represent or draw from at least three different sources of law: Negotiated Law, Legislated Law and Adjudicated Law. This chapter aims to show that the non-treaty rules derived from each draw on different sources of legitimacy, operate according to different logics, dictate different methods of interpretation, and favour different methods for resolving disputes.

Delving into the foundational aspects of data management, this chapter explores the relationship between logical data formats and physical storage in computing systems. It discusses how logical abstractions in system software for data management interact with the physical placement of data. The chapter emphasizes the significance of designing storage data formats effectively to minimize unnecessary I/O traffic and network communications. By optimizing these formats, readers learn how to achieve efficient utilization of resources, leading to improved performance in data processing tasks. This sets a crucial foundation for understanding the broader concepts of data management throughout the book.

The risk of possibly conflicting norms of customary international law (CIL) has received increased attention in recent international legal scholarship and practice. In the absence of commonly accepted or authoritative rules of conflict that may mitigate the ramifications which stem from a possible clash of opposing obligations under CIL, legal scholars and practitioners alike almost instinctively turn towards competent (judicial) authorities, thereby seeking advice on how to strike a balance between conflicting norms in conformity with applicable legal frameworks and regimes. Thus far, international courts and tribunals, including the International Court of Justice, have regularly refrained from outlining, conceiving and imposing coherent analytical and prescriptive means of establishing an equilibrium between (partially) opposing norms of CIL in situ. This chapter argues that international adjudicative bodies could contemplate resorting to the German constitutional law principle of practical concordance (praktische Konkordanz) and thereby draw on a legal methodology that has become well established and is regularly applied by the German Constitutional Court when ruling on fundamental rights.

This chapter will guide a candidate in core paediatric topics that regularly appear in Section 1 of the FRCS(Tr&Orth) exam. The chapter deals with paediatric clinical questions based around high quality clinical scenarios. Detailed explanations of the SBA options with a clear logical approach to selecting the most appropriate option.

This is the first ever printing of a short unpublished note by Schrödinger discussing canonical conjugates, which he included among his correspondence in the folder he labelled ‘The Einstein Paradox’. The note references Flint’s response to EPR and contains ideas appearing also in a letter to Einstein in July 1935.

This chapter outlines the argument for going beyond universal, individual-level school-based interventions to promote the well-being of youth who are identified as Black, Indigenous, and/or Persons of Color (BIPOC). To date, the vast majority of empirically supported social and emotional learning (SEL) interventions for kindergarten twelfth-grade students have been developed and tested with predominantly White students and implemented universally. SEL curricular programs also overemphasize the role of individual competencies in promoting wellness, which may not account for unique challenges that BIPOC students face in school environments. We argue that to promote wellness in BIPOC students, equally important are (a) interventions that enhance teachers’ cultural competencies, (b) initiatives that promote the inclusion and involvement of historically marginalized groups of parents in school leadership, and (c) policies and practices aimed at validating the cultural backgrounds of all students that lead to more affirming school climates.

This is a transcription of a typescript Kemble had appended to a letter to Margenau in 1935. In this paragraph, Kemble admits that his initial published response to EPR missed the point of their argument.