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2 results

  • Chapter 8 - Aging-Related Alterations in Language

  • Edited by Kenneth M. Heilman, University of Florida, Stephen E. Nadeau, University of Florida
  • Book:
    Cognitive Changes and the Aging Brain
    Published online:
    30 November 2019
    Print publication:
    05 December 2019, pp 106-126

  • Summary

    Aging is associated with decline in a number of domains of language function, most conspicuously lexical-semantic function (manifesting as word-finding difficulty), but also semantics, phonological sequence, grammatic morphology, language comprehension, syntax (so far linked only to working memory deficits), and narrative discourse. There is evidence of a number of non-disease-related mechanisms that could account for this, including increased neural network noise, age of acquisition effects, deterioration of mechanisms of selective neural network engagement, deterioration in episodic memory, alteration of the balance between volitional and reactive intention, lifelong ontogenesis of language networks, and reduction of white matter conduction velocities.

  • Word meaning in word identification during reading: Co-occurrence-based semantic neighborhood density effects

  • BADRIYA H. AL FARSI
  • Journal:
    Applied Psycholinguistics / Volume 39 / Issue 5 / September 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    21 February 2018, pp. 779-809
    • Article
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  • Identifying individual words is an essential part of the reading process that should occur first so that understanding the structural relations between words and comprehending the sentence as a whole may take place. Therefore, lexical processing (or word identification) has received much attention in the literature, with many researchers exploring the effects of different aspects of word representation (orthographic, phonological, and semantic information of words) in word identification. While the influence of many orthographic and phonological factors in normal reading are well researched and understood (Rayner, 1998, 2009), the effect of semantic characteristics of a word in its identification has received relatively less attention. A complete account of lexical processing during normal reading requires understanding the role of word meaning in lexical processing. Currently, little is understood about whether and how the meaning of an individual word is extracted during early stages of word identification. This article primarily focuses on how word meaning contributes to the process of word identification.