The present study examined the relationship between the Lie scale scores and striatal D2/D3 receptor availability with respect to the cerebellum in 42 healthy community volunteers in Taiwan using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with [123I]iodo-benzoaminde (IBZM). Even after controlling of age and educational level, subjects' Lie scale scores of the Maudsley personality inventory correlate negatively with D2/D3 receptor availability. Individual with higher Lie scale scores may have higher impulsivity due to lower dopaminergic availability.

Relationships between the seven dimensions of the Cloninger's psychobiological model (1993) and the five factors of the Costa and McCrae's model (1990) were examined in this study of 200 subjects from French general population. The dimensions of temperament (novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence) and character (self-directedness, cooperativeness, self-transcendence) from the Cloninger's model were measured by the Temperament and Character Inventory-125 items (TCI-125) and the Five-Factor Model (FFM) (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness) was evaluated using the NEOPersonality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PI-R). Correlation and multiple regression analyses have highlighted that all the temperamental and character dimensions predict all Neo-PI-R domains and vice versa. There are particularly close relationships between harm avoidance, self-directedness, neuroticism and extraversion; between novelty seeking and extraversion, openness, conscientiousness; between reward dependence, cooperativeness, extraversion, openness and agreeableness; between persistence and conscientiousness; and finally between self-transcendence and agreeableness. As a result, due to their relationship with temperamental dimensions of psychobiological model, the FFM domains could be related to brain monoaminergic activities.

The aims are to study personality characteristics of patients with memory complaints and to assess the presence of objective (OMI) versus subjective (SMI) memory impairment, the affective status, as well as potential gender differences. The patients were assessed by means of a neuropsychiatric examination and a neuropsychological test-battery. The Swedish version of the revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were used. The 57 patients (38 women, 19 men, mean age 56.9) differed from the Swedish normative group in three of the five personality factors: neuroticism, extraversion and agreeableness. This was mainly because of the scores of the female patients. Approximately half of the patients had OMI. No differences regarding personality factors or affective status were found between OMI and SMI patients. The female patients scored significantly higher than the male patients on symptoms of anxiety and depression. Neuroticism and symptoms of depression interacted with memory performance and gender. Our findings demonstrate the importance of applying an objective assessment of memory functions and a gender perspective when studying patients with memory complaints. (JINS, 2007, 13, 911–919.)

Pathological Gambling is an impulse control disorder. Impulsivity has been investigated separately by neuropsychological tests and self-report scales. Although some studies have tried to correlate these approaches, their interaction has not been sufficiently explored among pathological gamblers (PG). In this study, we have compared 214 PG (162 with comorbidity and 52 with no comorbidity) to 82 healthy volunteers regarding the reaction time and number of errors at Go/No-go tasks, and scores on the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS). PG have committed more errors at the Go/No-go tasks and presented higher scores on the self-report scale. The neuropsychological tests and BIS composed a multinomial logistic model that discriminated PG from non-gamblers better than models having one or another type of measure. Impulsivity seems to be a multi-dimensional phenomenon, and PG a heterogeneous population in which different types of impulsivity are present. (JINS, 2006, 12, 907–912.)

Les auteurs ont fait passer un questionnaire de personnalité (l'IP9/D) à 187 sujets, 30 d’entre eux y présentaient une tendance pathologique dans au moins une des dix échelles. Mélangés à 30 autres sujets sains, ils ont alors été revus en entretien individuel afin d'y mettre en évidence d’éventuels diagnostics de troubles de la personnalité (personnalités pathologiques) selon les critères du DSM III. Seuls les sujets pathologiques selon l'IP9/D reçurent un diagnostic de personnalité pathologique d’après le DSM III. Une analyse factorielle des correspondances multiples éclairée d’une classification ascendante hiérarchique a confirmé statistiquement et d’une manière générale que ce qui est mesuré par l'un, l'est aussi par l'autre. Ainsi les sujets étiquetés «personnalité atypique, mixte ou autre» (301.89) correspondaient à ceux qui présentaient une tendance pathologique en «Anxiété et/ou Dépression» (IP9/D). L’IP9/D explore la tendance à la «schizoïdie” qui est très proche, en fait, de la personnalité schizotypique du DSM III. Les personnalités histrionique et borderline du DSM III sont très proches des tendances psychopathiques de l’IP9/D ; de même la tendance à l’hystéroïdie de l’IP9/D s’agrège rapidement avec la personnalité antisociale du DSM III, ce qui confirme un certain nombre de constatations cliniques. Si, en dépit d’une certaine dispersion, la même observation peut être faite en ce qui concerne l’échelle obsessionnelle de l’IP9/D et la personnalité compulsive du DSM III, certains liens paraissent moins évidents compte tenu du fait que la population étudiée est quantitativement faible. Cependant, il y a concordance entre les deux techniques : la passation d’un questionnaire de personnalité et les entretiens cliniques. Toutefois, il faut se garder de conclure hâtivement et abusivement qu’un questionnaire peut remplacer un entretien clinique.