Markhininite, ideally TlBi(SO4)2, was found in a fumarole of the 1st cinder cone of the North Breach of the Great Fissure Tolbachik volcano eruption (1975–1976), Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia. Markhininite occurs as white pseudohexagonal plates associated with shcherbinaite, pauflerite, bobjonesite, karpovite, evdokimovite and microcrystalline Mg, Al, Fe and Na sulfates. Markhininite is triclinic, P, a = 7.378(3), b = 10.657(3), c = 10.657(3) Å , α = 61.31(3), β = 70.964(7), γ = 70.964(7)º, V = 680.2(4) Å3, Z = 4 (from single-crystal diffraction data). The eight strongest lines of the X-ray powder diffraction pattern are (I/d/hkl): 68/4.264/111, 100/3.441/113, 35/3.350/222, 24/3.125/122, 23/3.054/202, 45/2.717/022, 20/2.217/331, 34/2.114/204. Chemical composition determined by electron microprobe analysis is (wt.%): Tl2O 35.41, Bi2O3 38.91, SO3 25.19, total 99.51. The empirical formula based on 8 O a.p.f.u. is Tl1.04Bi1.05S1.97O8. The simplified formula is TlBi(SO4)2, which requires Tl2O 35.08, Bi2O3 38.48, SO3 26.44, total 100.00 wt.%. The crystal structure was solved by direct methods and refined to R1 = 0.055 on the basis of 1425 independent observed reflections. The structure contains four Tl+ and two Bi3+ sites in holodirected symmetrical coordination. BiO8 tetragonal antiprisms and SO4 tetrahedra in markhininite share common O atoms to produce [Bi(SO4)2]– layers of the yavapaiite type. The layers are parallel to (111) and linked together through interlayer Tl+ cations. The mineral is named in honour of Professor Yevgeniy Konstantinovich Markhinin (b. 1926), Institute of Volcanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kamchatka peninsula, Russia, in recognition of his contributions to volcanology. Markhininite is the first oxysalt compound that contains both Tl and Bi in an ordered crystal structure.

In this study, the failure response of two serial bolted joints in composite laminates was investigated. The composite material was consisted of epoxy matrix and glass fibers. To find out the effects of joint geometry and stacking sequences on the failure response, parametric studies were performed experimentally. Three different geometrical parameters that were the edge distance-to-hole diameter ratio (E/D), plate width-to-hole diameter ratio (W/D) and the distance between two serial holes-to-hole diameter ratio (K/D) were investigated. Hence, E/D, W/D and K/D ratios were considered from 1 to 5, 2 to 5 and 3 to 5, respectively. In addition, the failure tests were carried out for a range of preload moments as 2, 3, 4, 5 Nm and without any preload moments as 0Nm. Tested composite laminates were oriented two different stacking sequences as [0°]8 and [0°/0°/90°/90°]s. Experimental results point out that failure response of two serial bolted composite joints are firmly effected from material parameters, geometrical parameters and the magnitudes of applied preload moments.

Among the experimental techniques used to characterize complex fluids, neutron scattering has played a unique and successful role, primarily for two reasons: (1) neutrons access the proper length and time scales, especially small-angle neutron scattering and reflectometry for structural and kinetic studies and neutron spin echo for dynamic investigations; and (2) for hydrogen-containing substances, the exchange of hydrogen by deuterium facilitates labeling on a molecular scale, an extremely important method for deciphering complex structures in multicomponent materials. In this short review, we give a number of examples for successful neutron studies of dense particle suspensions, including aggregation phenomena, in situ kinetic studies on shape transformations, shear-induced surfactant self-assembly phenomena near surfaces, and dynamics of complex fluids. Finally, we give an outlook on future developments.

Packaging of solid-state power electronics is a highly interdisciplinary process requiring knowledge of electronics, heat transfer, mechanics, and materials science. Consequently, there are numerous opportunities for innovations at the interfaces of these complementary fields. This article offers a perspective of the current state of the art and identifies six specific areas for materials-based research in power electronics packaging. The emphasis is on identifying the underlying physical relationships that link the performance of the power electronics system to the microstructure and architectural arrangement of the constituents.