Motivated by the definition of a semigroup compactication of a locally compact group and a large collection of examples, we introduce the notion of an (operator) homogeneous left dual Banach algebra (HLDBA) over a (completely contractive) Banach algebra $A$. We prove a Gelfand-type representation theorem showing that every HLDBA over A has a concrete realization as an (operator) homogeneous left Arens product algebra: the dual of a subspace of $A^{\ast }$ with a compatible (matrix) norm and a type of left Arens product $\Box$. Examples include all left Arens product algebras over $A$, but also, when $A$ is the group algebra of a locally compact group, the dual of its Fourier algebra. Beginning with any (completely) contractive (operator) $A$-module action $Q$ on a space $X$, we introduce the (operator) Fourier space $({\mathcal{F}}_{Q}(A^{\ast }),\Vert \cdot \Vert _{Q})$ and prove that $({\mathcal{F}}_{Q}(A^{\ast })^{\ast },\Box )$ is the unique (operator) HLDBA over $A$ for which there is a weak$^{\ast }$-continuous completely isometric representation as completely bounded operators on $X^{\ast }$ extending the dual module representation. Applying our theory to several examples of (completely contractive) Banach algebras $A$ and module operations, we provide new characterizations of familiar HLDBAs over A and we recover, and often extend, some (completely) isometric representation theorems concerning these HLDBAs.

We investigate the global versions of the Kleinecke–Shirokov theorem for skew derivations in Banach algebras. Centralizing skew derivations on Banach algebras are also studied.

Let $A$ be a Banach algebra and let $\pi :\,A\,\to \,\mathcal{L}\left( H \right)$ be a continuous representation of $A$ on a separable Hilbert space $H$ with dim $H\,=\,\text{m}$. Let ${{\pi }_{ij}}$ be the coordinate functions of $\pi $ with respect to an orthonormal basis and suppose that for each $1\,\le \,j\,\le \,\text{m,}\,{{C}_{j}}\,=\,\sum\nolimits_{i=1}^{\text{m}}{\left\| {{\pi }_{ij}} \right\|}{{A}^{*}}\,<\,\infty $ and ${{\sup }_{j}}\,{{C}_{j}}\,<\,\infty $. Under these conditions, we call an element $\overline{\Phi }\,\in \,{{\iota }^{\infty }}\,\left( \mathfrak{m},\,{{A}^{**}} \right)$ left $\pi $-invariant if $a\,\cdot \overline{\Phi }\,={{\,}^{^{t}\pi }}\left( a \right)\overline{\Phi }$ for all $a\in A$ In this paper we prove a link between the existence of left $\pi $-invariant elements and the vanishing of certain Hochschild cohomology groups of $A$. Our results extend an earlier result by Lau on $F$-algebras and recent results of Kaniuth, Lau, Pym, and and the second author in the special case where $\pi :\,A\,\to \text{C}$ is a non-zero character on $A$.

In [1] and [2] T. Husain and J. Liang show the following results: RI. Every character on a Fréchet algebra with a Schauder basis (xi)i≧1 such that: (1) XiXj = XjXi = Xj if i ≦ j, (2) Pi(Xi) ≠ 0 and Pi(xi+1) = 0 (where (pi)i≧1 is a denumerable family of semi-norms defining the topology of the algebra) is continuous. R2. Every character on a Fréchet algebra with orthogonal and unconditional Schauder basis is continuous. The proofs of these last results are very long and introduce complex calculation without aid of spectral theory of locally ra-convex algebras. We give here short proofs of these results with aid of a characterization of elements of the spectrum in locally m-convex algebras with values of characters.