Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Acknowledgements
- List of abbreviations
- Introduction
- 1 Dispute settlement between developing countries: Argentina and Chilean price bands
- 2 Argentina and GATS: a study of the domestic determinants of GATS commitments
- 3 Rock ‘n’ roll in Bangladesh:protecting intellectual property rights in music
- 4 Barbados: telecommunications liberalization
- 5 Services commitments: case studies from Belize and Costa Rica
- 6 Inter-agency policy co-ordination in Botswana
- 7 Brazil and the G20 group of developing countries
- 8 Cambodia's accession to the WTO: ‘fast track’ accession by a least developed country
- 9 Canada and the WTO: multilevel governance, public policy-making and the WTO Auto Pact Case
- 10 The SPS Agreement and crisis management: the Chile–EU avian influenza experience
- 11 Shanghai's WTO Affairs Consultation Center: working together to take advantage of WTO membership
- 12 Costa Rica's challenge to US restrictions on the import of underwear
- 13 Fiji: preparing for the end of preferences?
- 14 The road to Cancún: the French decision-making process and WTO negotiations
- 15 Decision-making processes in India: the case of the agriculture negotiations
- 16 Protecting the geographical indication for Darjeeling tea
- 17 The Indian shrimp industry organizes to fight the threat of anti-dumping action
- 18 Indonesia's shrimp exports: meeting the challenge of quality standards
- 19 Patents, parallel importation and compulsory licensing of HIV/AIDS drugs: the experience of Kenya
- 20 Kenya's participation in the WTO: lessons learned
- 21 Learning by doing: the impact of a trade remedy case in Korea
- 22 Laos: the textile and garment industry in the post-ATC era
- 23 Malawi in the multilateral trading system
- 24 Malaysia: labelling regulations on natural rubber condoms and the WTO TBT Agreement
- 25 Malaysia: strategies for the liberalization of the services sector
- 26 Mauritius: co-operation in an economy evolving for the future
- 27 How regional economic communities can facilitate participation in the WTO: the experience of Mauritius and Zambia
- 28 Mexico's agricultural trade policies: international commitments and domestic pressure
- 29 Mongolia's WTO accession: expectations and realities of WTO membership
- 30 Nepal: the role of an NGO in support of accession
- 31 Nepal: exports of ayurvedic herbal remedies and SPS issues
- 32 Import prohibition as a trade policy instrument: the Nigerian experience
- 33 The Pacific island nations: towards shared representation
- 34 Victory in principle: Pakistan's dispute settlement case on combed cotton yarn exports to the United States
- 35 Pakistan: the consequences of a change in the EC rice regime
- 36 Philippines: stakeholder participation in agricultural policy formation
- 37 Philippines: adopting the transaction basis for customs valuation
- 38 The reform of South Africa's anti-dumping regime
- 39 The impact of GATS on telecommunications competition in Sri Lanka
- 40 Thailand: conciliating a dispute on tuna exports to the EC
- 41 Uganda's participation in WTO negotiations: institutional challenges
- 42 Uruguay in the services negotiations: strategy and challenges
- 43 Vanuatu's suspended accession bid: second thoughts?
- 44 Public and private participation in agricultural negotiations: the experience of Venezuela
- 45 Preparation by Vietnam's banking sector for WTO accession
- Index
36 - Philippines: stakeholder participation in agricultural policy formation
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 December 2011
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Acknowledgements
- List of abbreviations
- Introduction
- 1 Dispute settlement between developing countries: Argentina and Chilean price bands
- 2 Argentina and GATS: a study of the domestic determinants of GATS commitments
- 3 Rock ‘n’ roll in Bangladesh:protecting intellectual property rights in music
- 4 Barbados: telecommunications liberalization
- 5 Services commitments: case studies from Belize and Costa Rica
- 6 Inter-agency policy co-ordination in Botswana
- 7 Brazil and the G20 group of developing countries
- 8 Cambodia's accession to the WTO: ‘fast track’ accession by a least developed country
- 9 Canada and the WTO: multilevel governance, public policy-making and the WTO Auto Pact Case
- 10 The SPS Agreement and crisis management: the Chile–EU avian influenza experience
- 11 Shanghai's WTO Affairs Consultation Center: working together to take advantage of WTO membership
- 12 Costa Rica's challenge to US restrictions on the import of underwear
- 13 Fiji: preparing for the end of preferences?
- 14 The road to Cancún: the French decision-making process and WTO negotiations
- 15 Decision-making processes in India: the case of the agriculture negotiations
- 16 Protecting the geographical indication for Darjeeling tea
- 17 The Indian shrimp industry organizes to fight the threat of anti-dumping action
- 18 Indonesia's shrimp exports: meeting the challenge of quality standards
- 19 Patents, parallel importation and compulsory licensing of HIV/AIDS drugs: the experience of Kenya
- 20 Kenya's participation in the WTO: lessons learned
- 21 Learning by doing: the impact of a trade remedy case in Korea
- 22 Laos: the textile and garment industry in the post-ATC era
- 23 Malawi in the multilateral trading system
- 24 Malaysia: labelling regulations on natural rubber condoms and the WTO TBT Agreement
- 25 Malaysia: strategies for the liberalization of the services sector
- 26 Mauritius: co-operation in an economy evolving for the future
- 27 How regional economic communities can facilitate participation in the WTO: the experience of Mauritius and Zambia
- 28 Mexico's agricultural trade policies: international commitments and domestic pressure
- 29 Mongolia's WTO accession: expectations and realities of WTO membership
- 30 Nepal: the role of an NGO in support of accession
- 31 Nepal: exports of ayurvedic herbal remedies and SPS issues
- 32 Import prohibition as a trade policy instrument: the Nigerian experience
- 33 The Pacific island nations: towards shared representation
- 34 Victory in principle: Pakistan's dispute settlement case on combed cotton yarn exports to the United States
- 35 Pakistan: the consequences of a change in the EC rice regime
- 36 Philippines: stakeholder participation in agricultural policy formation
- 37 Philippines: adopting the transaction basis for customs valuation
- 38 The reform of South Africa's anti-dumping regime
- 39 The impact of GATS on telecommunications competition in Sri Lanka
- 40 Thailand: conciliating a dispute on tuna exports to the EC
- 41 Uganda's participation in WTO negotiations: institutional challenges
- 42 Uruguay in the services negotiations: strategy and challenges
- 43 Vanuatu's suspended accession bid: second thoughts?
- 44 Public and private participation in agricultural negotiations: the experience of Venezuela
- 45 Preparation by Vietnam's banking sector for WTO accession
- Index
Summary
The problem in context
Agriculture is a major contributor to the Philippines economy, accounting for 21.5% of its gross domestic product (GDP), generating exports valued at over US$1.5 billion, and providing one third of all employment, or 11 million jobs. Its contribution increases when ‘all economic activities related to agro-processing and supply of non-farm agricultural inputs are included, (as) the agricultural sector broadly defined accounts for about two-thirds of the labour force and 40% of GDP’. The strategic importance of this sector makes it compelling for the government to enact a stakeholder-based process that will fully and effectively render legitimacy not only to its domestic economic policies but to its international economic commitments as well, such as to the WTO.
In 1995 the Philippines acceded to the WTO in the belief that its membership of the rules-based body would bring about economic benefits, primarily to the rural sector, through increased efficiency of industries required by exposure to global competition. Jobs were promised and new industries were expected to emerge.
With the implementation of the WTO Uruguay Round commitments in 1995 came also the increasing realization, especially by the agriculture stakeholders, that the promised gains were not forthcoming. The liberalization implied by the commitments was perceived as too fast and beyond the country's capacity to comply, and so found poor general acceptance. Serious accusations were made about the government's lack of consultation with the affected sectors, and blame directed towards government negotiators whom stakeholders felt were not only vastly uninformed about the situation in the field, but were also regarded as ‘blind’ advocates of rapid liberalization and therefore insensitive to their needs.
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- Managing the Challenges of WTO Participation45 Case Studies, pp. 486 - 501Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2005
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