Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Foreword by Sid Gilman
- PART I INTRODUCTION
- PART II THEORIES OF CEREBELLAR CONTROL
- PART III CLINICAL SIGNS AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATIONS
- PART IV SPORADIC DISEASES
- PART V TOXIC AGENTS
- PART VI ADVANCES IN GRAFTS
- PART VII NEUROPATHOLOGY
- PART VIII DOMINANTLY INHERITED PROGRESSIVE ATAXIAS
- 26 Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1
- 27 Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2
- 28 Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3
- 29 Spinocerebellar ataxia type 4
- 30 Spinocerebellar ataxia type 5
- 31 Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6
- 32 Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia with progressive pigmentary macular dystrophy
- 33 Spinocerebellar ataxia type 8
- 34 Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy
- 35 Molecular mechanisms of triplet repeat expansions in ataxias
- PART IX RECESSIVE ATAXIAS
- Index
29 - Spinocerebellar ataxia type 4
from PART VIII - DOMINANTLY INHERITED PROGRESSIVE ATAXIAS
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 06 July 2010
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Foreword by Sid Gilman
- PART I INTRODUCTION
- PART II THEORIES OF CEREBELLAR CONTROL
- PART III CLINICAL SIGNS AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATIONS
- PART IV SPORADIC DISEASES
- PART V TOXIC AGENTS
- PART VI ADVANCES IN GRAFTS
- PART VII NEUROPATHOLOGY
- PART VIII DOMINANTLY INHERITED PROGRESSIVE ATAXIAS
- 26 Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1
- 27 Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2
- 28 Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3
- 29 Spinocerebellar ataxia type 4
- 30 Spinocerebellar ataxia type 5
- 31 Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6
- 32 Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia with progressive pigmentary macular dystrophy
- 33 Spinocerebellar ataxia type 8
- 34 Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy
- 35 Molecular mechanisms of triplet repeat expansions in ataxias
- PART IX RECESSIVE ATAXIAS
- Index
Summary
Introduction
The autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias are a heterogeneous group of dominantly inherited disorders which have been divided into several types with different predominant clinical features. Collectively, these disorders are called the spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) and are known to be genetically heterogeneous. For example, clinically similar (or identical) SCA, characterized by ataxia, nystagmus, and long tract signs, can be caused by a number of different SCA genes. In addition to this heterogeneity, there is also prominent pleiotropy with a single gene giving rise to considerable variation in phenotypic expression. SCA7 stands out as a unique form given the dramatic additional feature of retinal degeneration (Gouw et al., 1994). A third group of the SCAs is characterized by a purely cerebellar syndrome. More recent genetic studies have defined numerous loci for the SCAs. Disease loci were assigned to chromosomes 6p (SCA1: Zoghbi et al., 1991), 12q (SCA2: Gispert et al., 1993), 14q (SCA3: Stevanin et al., 1994), 16q (SCA4: Gardner et al., 1994), 11cen (SCA5: Ranum et al., 1994), 19p (SCA6: Zhuchenko et al., 1997), 3p (SCA7: Gouw et al., 1995; Benomar et al., 1995), 10q24 (SCA8: Nikali et al., 1997), and 22q13 (SCA10: Zu et al., 1999).
An interesting feature of many of these diseases is the clinical phenomenon of anticipation, where disease severity often worsens on transmission of a disease allele through families. Individuals in subsequent generations are affected at earlier ages and with more severe disease. Among the spinocerebellar ataxias, this is most notable in SCA7 (Gouw et al., 1994, 1998).
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- The Cerebellum and its Disorders , pp. 440 - 444Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2001