Virtually all exoplanet detection and characterisation methods are based on time-domain data. This invited talk gave an overview of some recent results in the field, highlighting some of the time-series-specific challenges encountered along the way. In particular it focussed on planetary transits: how to detect shallow, rare transits in noisy data, and how to model them with extreme accuracy to extract information about the transiting planet's atmosphere. Space-based transit surveys also constitute an extraordinary goldmine of information on stellar variability, and the talk touched briefly upon some recent statistical work in that field.

In 2010, we organised a workshop in Tenerife with the aim of bringing together scientists concerned with the completeness and accuracy of atomic data for astrophysical applications. Participants included atomic physicists, theoretical astrophysicists and astronomers, and the workshop covered topics such as the evaluation of uncertainties in atomic data, the propagation of such uncertainties in chemical abundances, and the feedback between observations and calculations. Communication issues were also discussed, including questions such as: How can it be ensured that atomic data are correctly understood and used? Which forum is the best one for a fluid interaction between all communities involved in the production and use of atomic data? This contribution lays out the main issues raised during the workshop and some of the solutions proposed.

We performed a search for ground level solar cosmic ray enhancements on the full five minute database of the Mexico City neutron monitor using wavelet filters and two different statistical tests. We present a detailed analysis of the time series of November 2, 1992, where we found a previously unreported increment matching the onset time of the impulsive phase of the Ground Level Enhancement No. 54, thus providing evidence of an effective detection of high energy solar cosmic rays. This technique may help to find still undiscovered GLE signals in the Worldwide Neutron Monitor Database, to refine GLE spectra and, probably, to find a relationship between the latter and the solar cycle.

Optical and near-infrared observations of novae give us useful information for understanding the diversity of nova eruptions. Classical nova V1723 Aql was discovered by F. Kabashima and K. Nishiyama on 2010 September 11. We have conducted photometric and spectroscopic observations of V1723 Aql in both optical and near-infrared (NIR) wavelength regions since its discovery. The V-band decline time by 2 mag after the maximum, t2, was ~12 d. The apparent Fe II emission lines were also seen in the optical spectra. The Rc- and Ic-band light curves exhibited rapid declines (0.16 mag d−1 in Rc) 20 days after the visual maximum, while the NIR (J, H, and Ks) showed slow decline rates (~0.07 mag d−1). This rapid reddening suggests that dust particles formed during the very early phase of the expansion in V1723 Aql.

The notion that December 21, 2012 will bring physical catastrophes, a transformation of consciousness, or even a New Age is an unanticipated and unintentional consequence of early speculation by credentialed academic experts. It has grown as a result of its subsequent interpretation through the lens of speculative, counterculture metaphysics by individuals with both academic and non-academic backgrounds. This article provides a historical review of the most significant contributions to the emergence of the 2012 phenomenon.

The WGARG was created in 2001 to oversee the rapid growth of the quantitative determination and understanding of the abundance patterns seen in red-giant stars. As the field progresses we are regularly reminded of how broad and multi-disciplinary is this area of research.

We perform a set of neutrino-driven core-collapse supernova (CCSN) simulations studying the hydrodynamical neutron star kick mechanism in three-dimensions. Our simulations produce neutron star (NS) kick velocities in a range between ~100-600 km/s resulting mainly from the anisotropic gravitational tug by the asymmetric mass distribution behind the supernova shock. This stochastic kick mechanism suggests that a NS kick velocity of more than 1000 km/s may as well be possible. An enhanced production of heavy elements in the direction roughly opposite to the NS recoil direction is also observed as a result of the asymmetric explosion. This large scale asymmetry might be detectable and can be used to constrain the NS kick mechanism.

The insoluble organic material preserved in primitive chondritic meteorites shares many similarities with the refractory organic material in interplanetary dust particles and comets, suggesting that there is a genetic link between the organic matter in objects that formed between ~3 AU and ~30 AU from the Sun. These similarities include large D and 15N enrichments in bulk and even more extreme enrichments in isotopic hotspots. The enrichments attest to formation in very cold environments, either in the outer Solar System or the protosolar molecular cloud. There are many properties of this organic material that are consistent with an interstellar origin, but a Solar System origin cannot be ruled out. Similar organic material is presumably an important component of most protoplanetary disks, and heating or sputtering of this material would be a source of PAHs in disks. The soluble organic matter was more heavily effected by processes on the chondritic parent bodies than the insoluble material. Amino acids, for instance, probably formed by reaction of ketones and aldehydes with NH3 and HCN. The accretion of the relatively volatile NH3 and HCN, presumably in ices, strengthens the chondrite-comet connection. However, unlike most comets the water in chondrites, when it was accreted, had D/H ratios that were similar to or depleted relative to Earth.

Intermediate polars represent a major fraction of all cataclysmic variables detected by INTEGRAL in hard X-rays. Nevertheless, only 25% of all known intermediate polars have been was detected in hard X-rays. This fact can be related to the activity state of these close interacting binaries. Multi-frequency (optical to X-ray) investigation of intermediate polars is essential to understand the physical mechanisms responsible for the observed activity of these objects.

We investigate the three-dimensional structure of the nearby edge-on spiral galaxy NGC 891 using 3D Monte Carlo radiative transfer models, with realistic spiral structure and fractally clumped dust. Using the spiral and clumpiness parameters found from recently completed scattered light models we produce lower resolution SED models which reproduce the spatially-integrated UV-to-FIR SED of NGC 891. Our models contain a color gradient across the major axis of the galaxy - similar to what is seen in images of the NGC 891. With minor adjustment our SED models are able to match the SED of M51, a similar galaxy at a near face-on inclination.

We reanalyze a selection of the XMM-Newton RGS (Reflection Grating Spectrometer) data of two classical novae; V4743 Sgr and V2491 Cyg. The high resolution nova spectra in the X-ray wavelengths show existence of absorption features (e.g., blue shifted). Our main aim is to model the absorption components detected in the high resolution spectra independently from the assumed continuum model. We assume that there is complex absorption of interstellar, photospheric, and of collisionally and/or photoionized gas origin in the moving material along the line of sight from a nova wind or ejecta. In addition to deriving the absorption properties, we obtain CNO abundances of elements in the ejecta/nova wind.

The recent solar minimum (2008-2009) was extreme in several aspects: the sunspot number, Rz, interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) magnitude Bo and solar wind speed Vsw were the lowest during the space era. Furthermore, the variance of the IMF southward Bz component was low. As a consequence of these exceedingly low solar wind parameters, there was a minimum in the energy transfer from solar wind to the magnetosphere, and the geomagnetic activity ap index reached extremely low levels. The minimum in geomagnetic activity was delayed in relation to sunspot cycle minimum. We compare the solar wind and geomagnetic activity observed in this recent minimum with previous solar cycle values during the space era (1964-2010). Moreover, the geomagnetic activity conditions during the current minimum are compared with long term variability during the period of available geomagnetic observations. The extremely low geomagnetic activity observed in this solar minimum was previously recorded only at the end of XIX century and at the beginning of the XX century, and this might be related to the Gleissberg (80-100 years) solar cycle.

We present the precise multicolour photometry of the eclipsing variable EQ Boo (P = 5d.43, V = 8m.8), which is component “A” of the visual double star ADS 9422 (F7 V+G0 V, ρ = 1.3”, Δmag = 0.7). From the analysis of these data, we can propose the existence of the fourth component with a late spectral type.

A decade of exoplanet search has led to surprising discoveries, from giant planets close to their star, to planets orbiting two stars, all the way to the first extremely hot, rocky worlds with potentially permanent lava on their surfaces due to the star's proximity. Observation techniques have reached the sensitivity to explore the chemical composition of the atmospheres as well as physical structure of some detected planets. Recent advances in detection techniques find planets of less than 10 MEarth (so called Super-Earths), among them some that may potentially be habitable. Two confirmed non-transiting planets and several transiting Kepler planetary candidates orbit in the Habitable Zone of their host star. The detection and characterization of rocky and potentially Earth-like planets is approaching rapidly with future ground- and space-missions, that can explore the planetary environments by analyzing their atmosphere remotely. The results of a first generation space mission will most likely be an amazing scope of diverse planets that will set planet formation, evolution as well as our planet in an overall context.

The 2012 Mayan calendar prophecies have attracted considerable popular interest, thought little academic attention. Following the papers presented in the 2012 Session at the conference, I suggest that the ‘2012 phenomenon’ is the latest in a historic series of millenarian movements that form an established part of Christian culture. The 2012 prophecies, while Christian in neither tone nor affiliation, may be contextualised within secularised versions of western millenarianism as a whole. My purpose is to create a framework for analysis, placing the 2012 phenomenon within a wider cultural milieu and analysing its texts. I suggest that Karl Popper's paradoxical theory of historicism and activism, and the model of pre-versus post-millenarianism, may both provide means of analysing competing forms of 2012 prophecy.

The Working Group on Active B Stars (WGABS) was re-established under IAU Commission No. 29 at the IAU General Assembly in Montreal, Quebec, Canada in 1979. Its main goal is to promote and stimulate research and international collaboration in the field of active B stars. Originally known as the Working Group on Be Stars, its name was changed at the 22nd IAU General Assembly in The Hague, Netherlands in 1994 when the research interests of the group were broadened to include activity in all B stars, especially pulsating OB stars, interacting binaries, stellar winds, and magnetic fields.

The extraction of chemical abundances of ionised nebulae from a limited spectral range is usually hampered by the lack of emission lines corresponding to certain ionic stages. So far, the missing emission lines have been accounted for by the ionisation correction factors (ICFs), constructed under simplistic assumptions like spherical geometry by using 1-D photoionisation modelling.

In this contribution we discuss the results (Gonçalves et al. 2011, in prep.) of our ongoing project to find a new set of ICFs to determine total abundances of N, O, Ne, Ar, and S, with optical spectra, in the case of non-spherical PNe. These results are based on a grid of 3-D photoionisation modelling of round, elliptical and bipolar shaped PNe, spanning the typical PN luminosities, effective temperatures and densities.

We show that the additional corrections to the widely used Kingsburgh & Barlow (1994) ICFs are always higher for bipolars than for ellipticals. Moreover, these additional corrections are, for bipolars, up to: 17% for oxygen, 33% for nitrogen, 40% for neon, 28% for argon and 50% for sulphur. Finally, on top of the fact that corrections change greatly with shape, they vary also greatly with the central star temperature, while the luminosity is a less important parameter.

Some 300-500 Myr ago, the Whirlpool galaxy (NGC 5194/M51a) and its nearby post-starburst galaxy neighbour, NGC 5195/M51b closely interacted, resulting in significant changes to their star formation activity. Both galaxies display colors indicative of enhanced star formation during closest passage, but since then, star formation has ceased in NGC 5195 yet remained ongoing in the spiral NGC 5194. With a wealth of multi-wavelength (0.2–500 μm for this study) observations available, this nearby (10 Mpc) system, whose star formation history is well constrained through optical colors of individual stars and its dynamical history, provides the optimal laboratory to test the relation between dust emission and stellar emission within the fundamental framework of today's stellar population synthesis and dust emission models.

This talk explored variability in active galactic nuclei (AGN) for a variety of scales across the time domain. From billion-year-scale intermittency to a quasi-periodic oscillation signal with a period of one hour, time-varying signals offer insights into a myriad of complex processes driven by the AGN central engine. Athough the era of time-domain observations of AGN across the spectrum has but just begun, already observations reveal the rich detail of phenomena associated with actively accreting black holes which challenge theoretical models.

The collapse of massive rotating stellar cores and the associated accretion is thought to power long GRBs. The physical scale and dynamics of the accretion disk are initially set by the angular momentum distribution in the progenitor, and the physical conditions make neutrino emission the main cooling agent in the flow. We have carried out an initial set of calculations of the collapse of rotating polytropic cores in three dimensions, making use of a pseudo-relativistic potential and a simplified cooling prescription. We focus on the effects of self gravity and cooling on the overall morphology and evolution of the flow for a given rotation rate in the context of the collapsar model. For the typical cooling times expected in such a scenario we observe the appearance of strong instabilities on a time scale, tcool, following disk formation. Such instabilities and their gravitational interaction with the black hole (BH) produce significant variability in the energy loss and accretion rates, which would translate into neutrino cooling variations when a more realistic neutrino cooling scheme is implemented in future work.