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Effects of four tanniferous plant extracts on the in vitro exsheathment of third-stage larvae of parasitic nematodes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 January 2006

D. BAHUAUD ,
C. MARTINEZ-ORTIZ DE MONTELLANO ,
S. CHAUVEAU ,
F. PREVOT ,
F. TORRES-ACOSTA ,
I. FOURASTE  and
H. HOSTE
D. BAHUAUD
Affiliation:
Unité Mixte de Recherche 1225 INRA/DGER, 23, Chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse Cedex, France
C. MARTINEZ-ORTIZ DE MONTELLANO
Affiliation:
FMVZ, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatán, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
S. CHAUVEAU
Affiliation:
Unité Mixte de Recherche 1225 INRA/DGER, 23, Chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse Cedex, France
F. PREVOT
Affiliation:
Unité Mixte de Recherche 1225 INRA/DGER, 23, Chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse Cedex, France
F. TORRES-ACOSTA
Affiliation:
FMVZ, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatán, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
I. FOURASTE
Affiliation:
Unité Mixte de Recherche 152, IRD/UPS “Pharmacochimie des Substances Naturelles et des Pharmacophores Redox” Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université Toulouse III, 35, Chemin des Maraîchers, F31062 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
H. HOSTE
Affiliation:
Unité Mixte de Recherche 1225 INRA/DGER, 23, Chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse Cedex, France
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Abstract

The anthelmintic properties of tanniferous plants and of their secondary metabolites represent one possible alternative to chemotherapy that is currently being explored as a means of achieving sustainable control of gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants. Previous in vivo and in vitro results suggest that tanniferous plants can have direct anti-parasitic effect against different stages of nematodes. However, the mode of action of the bioactive plant compounds remains obscure. The objectives of the current study were (1) to examine the hypothesis that extracts of tanniferous plants might interfere with the exsheathment of third-stage infective larvae (L3); (2) to assess the role of tannins in the process by examining the consequence of adding an inhibitor of tannins (polyethylene glycol: PEG) to extracts. The effects of 4 tanniferous plant extracts on exsheathment have been examined on L3 of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Artificial exsheathment was induced in vitro by adding hypochloride solution to larval suspension. The evolution of exsheathment with time was measured by repeated observations at 10-min interval for 60 min. The selected plants were: genista (Sarothamnus scoparius), heather (Erica erigena), pine tree (Pinus sylvestris), and chestnut tree (Castanea sativa), with tannin contents ranging from 1·5 to 24·7% of DM. Extracts of a non-tanniferous plant (rye grass, tannin content: 0·3% of DM) were included in the assay as negative controls. The extracts were tested at the concentration of 600 μg/ml and the effects were compared to the rate of exsheathment of control larvae in PBS. No statistical differences in the pattern of exsheathment was observed after addition of rye grass or genista extracts for both nematode species and with heather extracts for T. colubriformis. In contrast, pine tree extracts on larvae of both species and heather extracts with H. contortus induced a significant delay in exsheathment. Last, contact with chest nut extracts led to a total inhibition of the process for both nematodes. These results suggest that extracts of tanniferous plants might affect a key process in the very early stages of larval invasion of the host. In most cases, the addition of PEG led to a total or partial restoration towards control values. This suggests that tannins are largely involved in the inhibitory process. However, other secondary metabolites may also interfere with the process that would help to explain some of the differences in response observed between the two nematode species.

Keywords

parasitic nematodesexsheathmentthird-stage larvaetanniferous plantPEG
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 132 , Issue 4 , April 2006 , pp. 545 - 554
Copyright
2006 Cambridge University Press

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