In the present paper, seven species of the lichen genus Platygramme are reported from China. Two of these, Platygramme pudica and P. platyloma, are new to China and two species, Platygramme hainanensis and P. lueckingii, both from a tropical rain forest in Hainan Island, are described as new to science. The new species belong to a group within Platygramme, which is characterized by concealed discs, while the type species, P. caesiopruinosa, and some others have widely open discs. Descriptions and the known distribution of each species are given and a working key to the Chinese species is provided.

The new genus and species Ducatina umbilicata is described from Îles Crozet and Îles Kerguelen. This lichen is characterized by an umbilicate thallus with a black verrucose lower surface and a greyish to dark olivaceous smooth upper surface having large verrucae, large semi-immersed cephalodia, semi-immersed apothecia with a prominent thalline margin, simple, mainly ellipsoid ascospores of 23–42×12–25 µm and the presence of unknown chemical compounds. Phylogenetic analyses using nuLSU and mtSSU sequences place Ducatina in the Trapeliaceae (Baeomycetales). The new taxon is closely related to Orceolina antarctica and O. kerguelensis, two other lichens endemic to these subantarctic islands, differing by its morphology and the lack of chemical compounds. Ducatina is the only genus in the Trapeliaceae to develop a large umbilicate thallus.

Molecular studies have revealed the presence of yet another species in the Bryoria bicolor complex in China, which confirms that the mountains of SE Asia to be an evolutionary centre for Bryoria sect. Divaricatae. The new species B. rigida is formally described. It is characterized by a stiff and coarse thallus, which contains fumarprotocetraric acid and often protocetraric acid as the main substances. A key to the divaricate species of Bryoria in the Himalayan region is provided.

Staurothele nemorum is described as new to science from the southern Great Plains of central North America. The species is characterized by a thin, areolate, epilithic thallus, sessile perithecia, globose to oblong hymenial algal cells and 8-spored asci. Staurothele hymenogonia is restored to the North American flora, based on material from the south-western Great Plains. An updated key to North American members of Staurothele s. lat. is provided.

Allocetraria yunnanensis R. F. Wang, X. L. Wei & J. C. Wei is described as a new species from the Yunnan Province of China, and is characterized by having a shiny upper surface, strongly wrinkled lower surface, and marginal pseudocyphellae present on the lower side in the form of a white continuous line or spot. The phylogenetic analysis based on nrDNA ITS sequences suggests that the new species is related to A. sinensis X. Q. Gao.

Internal cephalodia of Lobaria pulmonaria were examined in two British locations, one in western Scotland (Isle of Skye) and the other in England (Cumbria, Lake District), sites which were predicted to have contrasting levels of fixed nitrogen deposition. Cephalodia were found to occupy a small proportion of the total biomass averaging (<1%) in both areas. Modelled nitrogen deposition in the sites in Cumbria was 3–6 times higher than in the Skye sites but the cephalodium relative biomass was not significantly different. It is suggested that local climatic and topographic effects might have reduced the estimated rate of nitrogen deposition at the former sites.

The new species Thyrea porphyrella Schultz, Büdel & Porembski, in the Lichinaceae, is described from tropical South America. It grows on granite inselbergs in SE Brazil and in southern Guyana. Diagnostic characters are the very thin, superficially smooth but conspicuously uneven to folded thallus lobes of reddish-brown to crimson colour.

A new genus, Digitothyrea, in the family Lichinaceae, is described. It includes three species formerly placed in Thyrea Massal. Studies on morphology and ascocarp ontogeny show that these are a homogeneous group of closely related species that differ significantly from taxa included in Thyrea.Digitothyrea rotundata is reported for the second time, from Northern Africa, A key is included.

The Azorean lichen previously and erroneously referred in the literature to Erioderma wnghtii, belongs to the complex, widespread species E. leylandii, and is escribed as subsp. azoricum, possibly representing a relic, ancestral form with a composite chemistry. It is presently only known from Pico where it is under threat owing to the destruction of the forests.

The new corticolous lichen genus Krogia and species K. coralloidesare described from humid forest in Mauritius. The genus shows affinities with Phyllopsora, but differs in characters of the ascus, ascospores, and thallus anatomy. The ascal characters make its inclusion in the Bacidiaceae or Phyllopsoraceae problematic. The lichen contains boninic acid and an apparently related compound.

Apothecia from Usnea longissima thalli collected in the Oregon Coast Range are described. Fertile U. longissima specimens have seldom been observed and rarely documented in the literature. A brief history of accounts in the literature is given, and possible reasons for the infrequent occurrence of apothecia are discussed. This is the first published account of fertile U. longissima specimens in the U.S. Pacific Northwest.

The new combination Amandinea petermannii (Hue) Matzer, Mayrh. & Scheidegger; is proposed. The taxonomy, morphology, anatomy, chemistry, ecology and distribution of this lichen are discussed. Rinodina convoluta D. C. Lindsay is synonym of A. petermannii.

The sorediate species Hyperphyscia variabilis Scutari from South America is described as new. Its apparent affinities with H. crocata Kashiw.are briefly discussed. The correlation between the type of ascospores (number and disposition of septa) and the geographical distribution of species throughout the genus is stressed, and three species groups are distinguishedon this basis. Two new combination, Hyperphyscia coralloidea (Lynge) Scutari and Hyperphyscia viridissima (Mull. Arg.) Scutari, are proposed.

The following new species are described: Degelia calcicola P. M. Jørg. & Kantvilas, a squamulose species from wet calcareous rocks in Tasmania; D. Crustacea P. M. Jørg. & D. J. Galloway, a crustose, corticolous species from northern New Zealand; and D. subcrustata P. M. Jørg. & Kantvilas from dry granitic rocks in southern Australia and Tasmania.

The epiphytic lichen floras of different orchards (intensive, semi-intensive apple cultivation and traditional old private garden) in North-West Romania were compared with and without pesticide treatment. Species richness was negatively influenced by the frequency of pesticide treatment.

Steinia australis Kantvilas & P. M. McCarthy is described, based on a specimen from Tasmania. The new species, the second in the genus and only the third in the family Aphanopsidaceae, differs from S. geophana by its larger ascospores, well-developed exciple and scurfy, leprose thallus.

The typification of Ramalina leiodea (Nyl.) Nyl. is discussed; R. boninensis Asah. and R. boninensis f. subcalicariformis are considered to be conspecific with R. leiodea. A description of the taxon is given, and the morphological and chemical variability considered. The distribution of both the boninic acid and cryptochlorophaeic acid races is discussed.