Satisfaction with care has become a central dimension of quality assurance in mental health care. Assessments of patient satisfaction, however, are hampered by a lack of well-validated and reliable satisfaction tools.

This study examines the applicability and results of a validated satisfaction questionnaire (WPI-Vienna Patient Satisfaction Inventory) developed for routine outcome measurement among chronically mentally ill outpatients.

Users of eight outpatient clinics who attended these clinics within a period of three consecutive months rated (a) satisfaction with received treatment and (b) perceived importance of specific treatment aspects. Sociodemographic and clinical information such as gender, age, and diagnosis was also collected.

A total of 848 users completed the treatment satisfaction questionnaire, resulting in a return rate of 20%. Over 70% of respondents indicated that they were very satisfied with their treatment. Women and older service users were more satisfied than men and younger service users. Regarding diagnosis, patients suffering from mood disorders were more satisfied than patients suffering from schizophrenia. Treatment satisfaction with aspects of care rated as especially important by the users was generally high. Only in the domains “Explanations about Illness, Treatment and (Side-)Effects of Medication” and “Waiting Time”, higher rates of dissatisfaction were observed.

The WPI is a relevant tool to assess treatment satisfaction among chronically mentally ill users of outpatient mental health care. Especially when applied routinely, treatment satisfaction measures are important and helpful quality assurance tools which can help identify strengths and weaknesses of mental health care.

The association between migration and mental health remains unclear. To ensure an adequate health care of migrants, differentiated information on the association of migration and cultural background and mental disorders is necessary.

Cross-sectional study on depression and anxiety of migrants from Turkey, Italy, Spain, and ethnic German resettled from the states of the former Soviet Union (n = 435). Questionnaires were distributed by non-health specific counselling agencies of welfare associations and migrants’ self-organisations.

High rates of anxiety (anxiety: 43.2%; generalised anxiety disorder: 23.0%) as well as depression (minor depression: 20.4%; major depression: 15.8%) were found. the Turkish migrants have the highest degrees of symptoms, whereas the Spanish migrants have the lowest one. Logistic regression analyses show that retired migrants with lower school qualification and feeling unwell in Germany have a higher probability of suffering from anxiety or depressive disorders. Additionally, Turkish migrants show a higher likeliness for depression, than the other migrant groups.

Our results suggest that migrants in Germany have a higher risk of current anxiety and depression than natives. the cultural background is an independent predictor for depression but not of anxiety.

The major objective of current study is to assess the level of job burnout among librarians of public libraries in the city of Ardabil in Iran and to exposure the relationship demographic difference and the level of occupational burnout. all librarians working in the public libraries of Ardabil were requested to complete the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI),

The questionnaire of Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was administered among all librarians working in the public libraries of Ardabil city in Ardabil province of Iran.

All 51 librarians working in the public libraries of Ardabil were taken into consideration in the study. the response rate was 100%.

A total number of 51 librarians returned the fulfilled questionnaires (response rate, 100%). Analysis of data showed that the librarians experienced low level of emotional exhaustion and moderate levels of depersonalization and personal accomplishment. Regarding to the background characteristic the findings indicated that there is no relation among age, occupied duration as well as the level of education, but there was significance correlation between marital status and the level of job burnout.

The study indicated that at least a low level of emotional exhaustion was relatively common among public librarians in Ardabil city of Iran. There was difference level of occupation burnout between men and women; the level of job burnout among married women was higher than the married men. This pheromone seems to be due bidimensional responsibility of women in house and in office.

In 2005, the Government of Quebec (Canada) published a Mental Health Action Plan (MHAP) that was based on organizing within a hierarchy of services: primary, secondary and tertiary care and was supposed to involve families of persons with mental illness in the process of services’ transformation.

Knowing the perception of families of persons with mental illness of their situation, in a changing mental health system related to the Action Plan.

A randomized proportional sample of 1496 members of families in community organizations for families of people with mental disorders (T1) received a questionnaire and another one, 18 months later (T2).. Moreover, six groups of families (N = 54) were interviewed, and again 18 months later.

33% of families knew that there was an Action Plan. 20% of family members said they had the opportunity to be involved in decisions regarding their loved one. 53% of them showed with high psychological distress; in general population this score is 20%. in group interviews, families said that: it was difficult for them to obtain services for their loved one and to talk to the psychiatrist because of the privacy legislation. They also need help when their loved one showw with aggressive behaviours (30%).

This project helped the families to be heard by stakeholders. the government is currently working on a new Action Plan that will involve more thoroughly the patient and his family. Our research team is currently starting a new project to help families dealing with aggressive behaviours.

Low socio-economic status (SES) is associated with mental disorders and involuntary admission, but the extent to which those associations change over time is unknown.

We aim to investigate (1) to what extent SES is a predictor of initiation of involuntary admission, (2) multivariate predictive associations between mental disorders and involuntary admission, and (3) evolutions of (1) and (2) between 2000 and 2010. Using both bivariate and multivariate models, we will present time trends in the associations between SES and involuntary admission, using mental disorders and service use as covariates.

Data stem from a large epidemiological study on psychiatric emergencies in the University Hospital of Leuven, Belgium. all patients presenting to the psychiatric emergency room were systematically monitored in terms of sociodemographic factors, presenting problems, mental disorders, and service use variables. the subset of all consecutive patients who were involuntary admitted from the emergency room between 2000 and 2010 (N = 1,053) was analysed.

We found an increased rate of involuntary admitted patients between 2000 and 2010 (p = .0140). the number of employed patients decreased significantly (from 29.6% to 15.8%). This was also the case, although to a lesser extent, for those who were living together (from 46.9% to 40.0%). More fine-grained results, SES estimates and associations with mental disorders will be presented.

Our data suggest a significant increase of the number of involuntary admissions, together with differences in SES patterns. Implications on both the clinical and the policy level will be discussed.

Studies on patients' experience of involuntary admission focused on the patients' retrospective view of the appropriateness of the admission, the perceived coercion during hospitalization and the experienced impact on their relationships and on prospects for future employment. the experiences and opinions of patients and their relatives on the judicial procedure of involuntary admission itself were never investigated in depth.

• (1) We aim to systematically gather and analyse the perceptions and views of patients subjected to involuntary admission. Starting from their experiences and perceptions, we will explore their views on the concept and the judicial procedure of involuntary admission in all his aspects.

• (2) We aim to investigate the experiences and views of patients' relatives and of

• (3) Other stakeholders (psychiatric and judicial) in the same manner in order to constitute a comprehensive experiential knowledge base.

Using semi-structured interviews, a qualitative research approach will be systematically complemented with aggregated views from patient organisations, ombudservices and patients' relatives organisations. To avoid bias, an independent clinician interviews patients and relatives at least one month after termination of involuntary admission. Interviews will be analysed by means of hierarchical cluster analyses.

The themes, concerns, opinions and perceptions of patients, relatives and stakeholders will be presented mainly from a hierarchical perspective distinguishing experiential importance and weight.

Systematical qualitative research on patient' and patients' relatives' views on compulsory admission is an important complement to patient participation initiatives in order to inform clinical and judicial practice and possible reforms.

This study was performed to evaluate the prevalence and to identify predictors of depressive symptoms among inpatients with schizophrenia.

One hundred and forty-one schizophrenic patients were included with randomized method. Sociodemographic characteristics were obtained by questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale(CES-D). A cutoff score 16 or above was used to indicate depressive symptoms.

Prevalence of depressive symptoms was 46.8% in this sample, 43.7% in male and 50.0% in female. No familial support, six or more numbers of admission, infrequent visit of caretaker over the last month, impaired orientation and presence of pain or discomfort were predictors of depressive symptoms.

Depressive symptoms were highly prevalent in inpatients with schizophrenia. the predictors of depressive symptoms should be given special attention to prevent the onset and progression of depressive disorder in this group of patients.

The assessment of patients' needs and also of carers' burden is an essential element of psychiatric healthcare planning and evaluation. in Poland not much interest has been put to studies of psychiatric patients' needs and carers' burden so far.

The general objective was to draw attention to the area of needs of currently hospitalised psychiatric patients in relation to the level of carers' burden and their general health state.

The studies were conducted within a two-year period on 4 in-patient in Wroclaw,Poland. A total of 120 individuals were examined by questionnaires, including 60 patients and 60 key caregivers indicated by them.

The patients were examined with the use of CANSAS, BPRS, CSCHI. the key caregivers (relatives/friends) were examined by following questionnaires: CANSAS, IEQ, GHQ-12.

Carers systematically perceive more needs of their charges, in all areas, than patients. There are several relationships between needs identified by a patient and those perceived by his carer. the carers' burden is related to his perception of patient's needs. the carer's general health can also act as an important indicator of his burden in all aspects.

In the process of preparing and evaluating an individual therapeutic plan, apart from the analysis of needs indicated by patients themselves, one should take into consideration a key carer's perception of a patient's needs. A psychiatric therapeutic process should not only focus on a patient's treatment but also incorporate intervention aimed at caregivers.

The project PARADISE (Psychosocial fActors Relevant to BrAin DISorders in Europe) funded by the European Community (Grant Agreement 652 no. HEALTH-F2-2009-241572) is being carried out in terms of the theoretical conceptualization of “horizontal epidemiology”, which argues that the psychosocial difficulties (PSDs) people have to deal with when they have a brain disorder - either psychiatric or neurological - And the determinants of those PSDs are common across brain disorders.

To develop and test an innovative approach to collect clinical data on the PSDs based on the horizontal epidemiology.

1) To determine the PSDs and determinants commonly relevant across brain disorders. 2) To create a data collection protocol to describe and assess PSDs and their determinants across brain disorders.

In the first phase, a pilot data collection protocol was developed based on literature reviews and focus groups in 9 brain disorders (dementia, depression, epilepsy, migraine, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's Disease, schizophrenia, stroke and substance use disorders) as well as data analyses of surveys and expert consultations. in the current second phase, the protocol is being tested in a sample of 700 patients across Europe.

The pilot data collection protocol contains 63 PSDs and 64 determinants, which have been identified as common across brain disorders.

If we are right about the hypothesis of horizontal epidemiology in brain disorders, this way of collecting information would have profound consequences for how we organize and deliver services to people with brain disorders across Europe, improving their lives and life opportunities.

Few questionnaires on the psychopathological onset and latency to treatment in psychiatric patients are currently available.

In this perspective we developed a brief questionnaire: the Psychopathological Onset Latency and Treatment Questionnaire (POLQ).

The questionnaire was administered to 265 patients with any psychiatric diagnosis. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS.

The sample showed the following demographic variables in terms of age (48 ± 15 years), occupation (17% unemployed) and familiarity (54%). Clinical variables included: age at onset (30.66 ± 15 years), age at first diagnosis (36 ± 19 years) and age at first drug treatment (35 ± 14 years). the most common symptoms at onset were related to the anxiety spectrum (41.2%), mood spectrum (24.5%) or both (25.3%). Stressful life-events in relation to onset occurred in 63% of patients (12.1% familiar issues, 11.3% work problems, bereavement or end of a relationship in 16.6%). Most frequent first diagnoses were major depressive episode (26.8%), manic/hypomanic/mixed episode (13.6%) and anxiety disorders (11.7%). Average latency to the first visit was 34 months. in the 76.2% of the sample, the first contact was with a psychiatrist, a psychologist in 15.8%; 78.1% were treated with drugs as a first treatment, 11.7% with psychotherapy, 7.2% with both. the average duration of first treatment was 23 months (4 weeks - 360 months) and reasons for discontinuation were: lack of efficacy (23.8%) or complete remission (21.9%).

POLQ resulted to be a useful and reliable instrument in the collection of information on the psychopatological onset and latency to treatment.

To investigate the prevalence of pathological Internet use (PIU) among adolescents in eleven European countries in relation to demographic and health-related risk factors and Internet accessibility using homogenous methodology.

Cross-sectional analysis.

The 7th Framework European Union funded project, Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe (SEYLE), is a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) evaluating preventive interventions for risk-behaviors among adolescents in Austria, Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Romania, Slovenia and Spain with Sweden as the coordinating site.

11,956 adolescents (F/M: 6731/5225; mean age: 14.9 ± 0.89) recruited from randomly selected schools within the eleven study sites.

Internet users were classified by gender into three categories: adaptive, maladaptive and pathological, based on the Young Diagnostic Questionnaire for Internet Addiction (YDQ).

The overall prevalence of PIU was 4.4%. the rate was higher among males than females (5.2% vs. 3.8%). Students not living with a biological parent or relative had the highest risk for both maladaptive and pathological Internet use. Low-parental involvement and parental unemployment showed high relative risk for both maladaptive and pathological Internet use. PIU significantly correlated with the average number of hours spent online. No correlation was found between national levels of Internet accessibility and pathological Internet use.

Prevalence of PIU varied by gender. Youth in households without a biological parent and/or low level of parental involvement had the most significant health-related factors associated with PIU. National levels of Internet accessibility were not a risk factor for either maladaptive or pathological Internet use.

Studies investigating early developmental factors in relation to psychopathology have mainly focused on schizophrenia. the personality dimension of neuroticism seems to be a general risk factor for psychopathology, but evidence on associations between early developmental precursors and personality traits is almost nonexistent. This study is therefore the first to investigate associations between early motor developmental milestones and neuroticism in adulthood.

Mothers of 9125 children in the Copenhagen Perinatal Cohort recorded 10 developmental milestones during the child's first life. A sub-sample of the cohort comprising 1182 individuals participated in a follow-up when they were 20–34 years old and were administered the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). Associations between motor developmental milestones and level of neuroticism, extraversion and psychoticism were analysed by multiple linear regression adjusting for for sex, single-mother status, parity, mother's age, father's age, parental social status, birthweight, and adult intelligence.

Among the 1182 participants, information on individual milestones was available for 447–1045 individuals. Infants who developed high levels of neuroticism as adults tended to crawl, stand with- And without support and walk with- And without support significantly later than individuals with a low level of neuroticism. the results remained significant after adjustment for included covariates. Neither extraversion nor psychoticism was associated with age of attainment of developmental milestones.

The findings are the first of its kind and suggest that delays in early motor development may not only characterize psychopathological disorders such as schizophrenia, but may also be associated with the personality dimension of neuroticism in adulthood.

The term “Hikikomori” is known as social-withdrawal which is characteristic to young Japanese recently. the hikikomori syndrome is defined as withdrawal from society for 6 months or longer by Japanese Ministry of Public Welfare. According to previous studies, “hikikomori” occurs during puberty and adolescence. On the other hand, it is also reported that not a few “hikikomori” occur after adulthood.

The aim of this study was to compare the factors between teen-onset hikikomori groups and adult-onset hikikomori groups.

We have retrospectively reviewed the clinical course of 46 patients of the hikikomori syndrome from 13 years old to 28 years old through medical records for 48 months. There were 27 males and 19 females. all the patients were allocated into 2 groups, A: teen-onset hikikomori, B: adult-onset hikikomori. We investigated diagnosis during treatment, duration of social-withdrawal before treatment, presence of domestic violence, human relations of the family, and prognosis on the end of treatment, respectively.

Group A is composed of 24 patients. Group B is composed of 22 patients. Referred tables further factors.

The factor which effects prognosis of teen-onset hikikomori was positive social support of the parents. Otherwise, the factor which effects prognosis of adult-onset hikikomori was to treat psychiatric disorders.

The term “revolving door” describes a subpopulation of chronically mentally ill patients frequently readmitted to psychiatric units. Policy of deinstitutionalization in mental health services during the past decades has highlighted the theme. Literature review indicates that patients at higher risk for revolving-door phenomenon are more likely to be younger, single males, with a diagnosis of a psychotic illness and high number of previous admissions. Patients with poor support networks, lower levels of education and challenging social environments are likely to remain well for shorter periods. Non-adherence to prescribed medications contributes significantly to relapse rates. the most consistently identified predictor is the number of previous hospitalizations.

Authors pretend to identify patients with a high number of admissions to Coimbra University Hospitals (CUH), analyze their clinical and socio-demographic characteristics, causes of readmission and social network, and give examples.

Retrospective cohort study, in which the medical records of individuals admitted to CUH during the last year were analyzed to identify those with the highest frequency of inpatient admissions (at least more than two within 18 months).

Our preliminary results are consistent with those from the literature, regarding the clinical and social characteristics of patients with revolving-door phenomenon, however the most severe cases are found between female patients.

Considering the social burden and the pressure on inpatient services caused by revolving door patients, it is important to understand the factors that may contribute to this phenomenon to develop interventions that could reduce the prevalence of recidivism.

The aim of this study was to assess the attitudes of students of high schools in Gjilan, related to drug abuse. Gjilan is the third biggest towns in Kosovo and is identified as a problematic town related to drug abuse.

The study design has used the cross sectional method and a structured questionnaire with eleven questions were utilized. the study was conduct during period of time September 2010 in four schools in Gjilan. 360 students were randomly selected to participate in the study.

96.4% of interviewed students think that drugs are abused in their town; 65.3% of them think that drugs are abused from students themselves in schools; 91.7% stand that they have knowledge on drug abuse. 42.5% of students believe that drugs are abused in coffee bars and discothèques; 1.4% of them believe that drugs are abused in schools. 12.5% said that they have been offered illegal drugs; from the students that participated in this study 2.2% have admitted that they use regularly one of the illegal drugs.

Drugs abuse is an increasing problem in Kosovo, especially amongst young people. the results of this study have shown that this is problematic even within the schools of the Gjilan town. These results will introduce to the Gjilan municipality in order to make good policies for prevention the drugs use at the schools.

Relatives' involvement in the delivery and evaluation of psychiatric treatments has been recently emphasized by mental health policies. However, few data are available so far on relationship between relatives' evaluation of psychiatric treatments and patients' outcomes.

A multicentre prospective study was carried out in eight European countries, as part of the “European evaluation of coercion in psychiatry and harmonization of best clinical practice (EUNOMIA)” study. in each centre, all legally involuntarily admitted patients and voluntarily admitted patients who reported high levels of coercion (i.e. a score higher than 3 at the Mac Arthur Scale for Perceived Coercion) were asked to participate in the study. Patients were evaluated at the admission and at three months. Relatives were assessed one month after admission.

Five hundred and 78 patients and their relatives were recruited. Relatives' views of patients' hospital treatment were globally positive. in the multivariate linear regression analysis, relatives' views were associated with better objective patients' outcomes at three months from admission, when controlling for patients' and relatives' age and gender, diagnosis and country.

Relatives of inpatients assess treatment rather positively and their appraisal is associated with clinical outcomes. Further studies should evaluate what are the best strategies to involve relatives in evaluation of mental health care.