The aim of the present study was to describe the population of juvenile sex offenders in the Canton of Zurich by a retrospective analysis of a consecutive sample of the police and judicial records between 2000 and 2008. Offence characteristics have been studied and compared to demographic and psychopathological factors of the adolescent offenders. Reoffence risk was assessed by the Juvenile Sex Offender Assessment Protocol (J-SOAP-II) and compared to sexual and general recidivism.

A youth-adapted version of the Forensic-Psychiatric Documentation System (FDPS) has been used for data collection. Recidivism has been assessed by the official crime database of the Canton of Zurich until October 2009.

Preliminary results show that the population of juvenile sex offenders is of heterogeneous nature. Intensity of sexual behavior and violence varies significantly in the sample (N = 351). Mostly the juvenile offenders have been arrested after committing one criminal act (56.4%). With exception of pornographic offences (35.9%), sexual coercion (32.8%) and sexual assaults against children (27.4%) were the most frequent crimes. Psychiatric assessments of the most serious juvenile offenders found frequent behavioral (43.6%) and emotional disorders (18.1%) but only one case of paraphilia. Results of risk assessment and recidivism are in preparation and will be added to the final presentation.

Juvenile sex offenders are a complex population and can not been compared to adult offenders according to offence characteristics and crime motivation. Developmental factors have to be included when assessing and treating juvenile sex offenders.

The study of psychic disorders and violence occupies a central place in the general and forensic psychiatry. A lot of various studies focused on grave crimes against personality, done by mentally diseased people have been carried out. A part of the studies are dedicated to the aggressive behavior of the schizophrenics - the risk of exercing violence turned out to be 3-5 times higher than in the general population.

Comparing of the clinicpsychopathological and socialpsychological characteristics between schizophrenic patients hospitalized voluntarily and those hospitalized non- voluntarily; setting up of:

1. 1. the factors forming the dangerous behavior with those patients;

2. 2. preventive ambulatory measures of the dangerous behavior.

Patients have been examined in the Regional hospital of psychiatry - Russe: 180 non-voluntary hospitalized schizophrenic patients and 110 schizophrenic patients treated voluntarily in hospital. The diagnoses of the specialists of psychiatry match the requirements of ICD 10. The objective assessment of the social functioning is included in the individual card of the research (assessed in a year,s time too). Also been used: PANSS (with additional questions towards the profile of the aggressive risk); a short version of the questionnaire of the WHO for an assessment quality of life.

The following factors are important when forming the dangerous behaviour: breaking up of the therapy for 1-3 weeks before hospitalization; obvious psychotic symptoms, personal changes; alcochol abuse; social disadaptation lack of social support, family rows and conflicts, material insecurity. The leading role of the social factors has been determined.

To make a critical review of the history, structure,facilities and practices as well as the laws governing the Nigerian juvenile justice system with a view to determine how well it can currently serve its intended purpose.

Information on the history, structure and current practices and existing laws were obtained from review of relevant literature and on-site visits to a juvenile remand home in South-West Nigeria.

The Nigerian juvenile system evolved during the British colonial era and was modeled after the British system. The few differences were mainly to accommodate local customs. However, over the years, the Nigerian juvenile justice system may have deviated beyond customary differences to include systematic ones. For instance record keeping is poor, and there are research evidence of widespread physical and emotional abuse of children while in custody. Also, a lot of young offenders are being processed in adult courts having being passed as adults by juvenile justice officers to avoid adhering to the legal requirements for their treatment. Furthermore, incarcerating forms of custodian care is the norm in Nigeria as non-incarcerating methods are not developed. The existing facilities are also in states of disrepair. Moreover The existing laws are obsolete and needs urgent review as some provisions runs contrary to children rights.Useful suggestions were offered.

The Nigerian juvenile system needs an urgent overhaul to be able to serve its intended purpose. The Government, Child mental health professionals and non-profit organizations all have a role to play.

To find out clinical factors which determine victimological behavior in adult persons with mental disorders who become victims of crime and to work out criteria of their competence to stand trial.

Psychopathological, psychological, statistical.

128 adult patients with different mental disorders were examined (organic brain disorders, mental retardation, schizophrenia, personality disorders). All were victims of crimes (rape, robbery, beating, fraud). According to Russian legislation persons who due to mental disorder can not understand the nature of the crime committed against them may not be put to trial. In such cases pretrial forensic psychiatric assessment must give a conclusion about capacity of a victim to give evidence. The study has revealed that the competence to stand trial is determined by severity of symptoms. The relation between psychopathologial symptoms and types of victimological behavior was revealed. Light symptoms determined psychological mechanism with provocative type of victim's behavior. In such cases victims could understand the nature of crime and give the evidence. Moderate and severe symptoms determined psychopathological mechanism and significant victimization of the patients with passive and aggressive types of behavior. Those victims could not understand the meaning of the crime and give evidence.

If the court decides that victim not competent to stand trial it can reduce revictimization of the patients avoiding traumatic experience of giving evidence in the court.

Substance abuse is associated with criminal recidivism. Substance abuse treatment has been found to correlate negatively with re-offending among treatment utilizers. However, for offenders with mental health problems and substance abuse, research on how substance abuse treatment affects re-offending is sparse.

The study aimed to examine the relationship between self-reported outpatient-based substance abuse treatment and self-reported a) re-offending, b) substance use and c) psychiatric problems among offenders with mental health and substance use problems.

Data were gathered from a naturalistic follow-up study with 208 participants, subjected to a court-ordered psychiatric assessment. This analysis covers 91 individuals who were followed-up after an average study period of 17 months. Among these, 68% had been sentenced to institutional imprisonment or forensic psychiatric care.

Offences, substance use and psychiatric problems declined between baseline and follow-up. However, the reduction was not associated with self-reported treatment utilization. Among participants who were sentenced to non-institutional corrections, more individuals had utilized outpatient-based treatment compared to individuals who were sentenced to imprisonment or forensic psychiatric care.

A definitive conclusion about the effect of treatment is difficult to draw. For instance, self-reported data may not reflect actual treatment consumption. However, one interpretation is that participants naturally recovered over time. Institutional correction might also have resulted in positive outcomes equivalent to outpatient-based treatment.

Murder-Suicide may be defined as extreme pattern of domestic violence. Research is hampered by the fact that with the death of the perpetrator the files are usually closed and an analysis of the cases is hardly possible. Knowledge about the circumstances of murder-suicide, however, is of special interest for the forensic-psychiatric expert when the perpetrator survives and the need for forensic assessment arises. Since forensic-psychiatric assessment is always based on comparison with similar cases we compared the files of surviving perpetrators of murder-suicide with those of lethal domestic violence.

All forensic-psychiatric expertises about surviving perpetrators of homicide-suicide which occurred in the region of Basle, Switzerland, between 1987 and 2006 (n = 6) were compared with those of perpetrators of homicide in a domestic environment (n = 20) in the same period.

There were comparatively more women but less foreigners among the perpetrators of homicide -suicide, their socioeconomic level was much higher and there were more children among the victims. The most frequent psychiatric diagnosis in both groups was personality disorder, but the range in the domestic murder group, however, went from no diagnosis at all to psychosis, i. e. assumed full criminal responsibility to assumed not guilty by reason of insanity. There was no case of not guilty by reason of insanity among the homicide-suicide group.

The disparities of these two patterns of domestic violence are much greater than we expected, which underpins the need for specific forensic assessment as well as preventive actions.

Drugs which affect the level of dopamine have also an impact on the level of prolactine and hence influence the sexual conduct of patients. Hypersexuality is a well known side effect of the treatment of Parkinson's' disease, whereas hyposexuality is a side effect of the drug-treatment of schizophrenia by classical and some atypical antipsychotics. The novel antipsychotic drug Aripiprazole, however, has a partial dopaminergic effect, causes no hyperprolactinaemia and might alter the sexual conduct of some schizophrenic patients.

Three case reports of patients with iatrogenic forensic-psychiatric relevant hypersexuality.

Case 1: Comparatively young Parkinson-Patient with sexual desinhibition, frequent visits in brothels contracting debts and sexual harassment towards women after treatment with Ropinirol.

Case 2: Chronic hebephrenic patient with homoerotic paedophilia, who only started molesting boys after changing medication from Olanzapine to Aripiprazole.

Case 3: Chronic-paranoid young schizophrenic patient with no criminal record who seriously assaulted a foreign woman short time after changing from Amisulpiride to Aripiprazole.

Hypersexuality as side effect of the treatment of Parkinson's disease is well known, it might be more important an issue, if the patient is young. Hypersexuality as side effect of the treatment with partial dopaminergic drugs should be considered in the drug treatment of schizophrenic patients.

The purposes of this study were to determine criminal behaviors patterns, clinical diagnosis and to compare clinical features of a new after discharged care program to that of the regular program for the mentally disorders offenders under compulsory treatment order.

The sample was consisted of 35 mentally disordered offenders sent by the court under a hospital order refer to the section 48 of Criminal Code. They were discharged during 1st October 2001 to 30th September 2007. Data were collected from medical records of Galya Rajanagarindra Institute. Quantitative data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and Chi-square Test.

Most of the samples, convicted to life and body-harm offenses which were taken places at houses and in the communities. The used weapons were knives. Their motivated to crime were psychosis symptoms with no planning. Most of the victims were acquaintances who had no active participation. Three quarters were diagnosed of schizophrenia. After these patients were discharged to the community, more than half were readmitted but only one was recidivist. Most could access to mental health services regularly. There was not statistical different between clinical features of the new after discharged care program and that of the regular one.

The new after discharged care program showed that more than half of cases were readmitted but only one case for recidivist. Most patients could access to mental health services regularly. The new program did not differ from the previous one, therefore, the new program need to be revised.

There is a growing knowledge about the prevalence and manifestations of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in adults. However, major diagnostic problems are encountered in a forensic evaluation of persons from different social and cultural backgrounds.

At the conclusion of this presentation, the participant should be able to

1. 1) apply diagnostic criteria for ASD in a forensic evaluation,

2. 2) recognize cultural differences in signs and symptoms presentation,

3. 3) apply risk assessment methods in non-native persons diagnosed with ASD.

I performed a MEDLINE search of English-language literature from 1980 to 2009 to identify reports on autism and criminal behaviour in adults with emphasis on the role of ethnicity. Furthermore, I evaluated cultural differences in a series of illustrative vignettes of persons from different social and cultural backgrounds who met diagnostic criteria for ASD in a forensic evaluation.

Very few studies examined whether environmental factors predict later outcomes of ASD. IQ is the strongest predictor of outcome. Psychiatric and somatic comorbidity, and poor accessibility of mental health services are associated with negative outcomes. The lack of empathy is a core symptom that accounts for a higher risk for criminal behaviour. The diagnostic process, as well as risk assessment, in non-native adults with ASD is affected by cultural factors.

More cross-cultural research on ASD is needed to further our understanding of forensic problems related to this disorder during the life course.

Deviant sexual preference is known as a risk factor for child abuse. Most often the examination of sexual preferences relies on interviews, self-ratings like the Multiphasic Sex Inventory or rather invasive methods like phallometry respectively the so called Abel-Screen, derived from the latest. The computer based Implicit Association Test (IAT) has proven its validity in several fields like sexism or racism by measuring the subjects attitude to certain association. Gray et al. from Cardiff published in 2005 significant associations between children and sex in pedophiles.

As part of a larger study about visual erotic stimulation of child abusers and internet sex offenders, we conducted the IAT in two different versions with visual stimuli on both child abusers and internet sex offenders as well as on male and female comparison samples. Psychological and Personality profiles were assessed by HAWIE, WCST - 64, SKID, MMPI, MSI, IPO and SCL-90 R.

Preliminary data suggests discriminant validity of the IAT concerning sexual preference. In addition, tests for frontal inhibition show poor performance of child abusers in contrast to controls and internet sex offenders.

Our preliminary data about the IAT suggests that both child abusers and internet sex offenders display other associations on visual erotic stimulations than the comparison sample. Further research about deviant sexual preferences should take the impact of cognitive processes into consideration.

The purpose of this experiment is to confirm the influence and determine the intensity and mechanisms of Kryptopyrrole (2, 4-dimethyl, 3-ethylpyrrole) effect on taking aggressive actions. Basing on existing literature, we have designed this experiment which consists of 3 different phases. All of these phases are crossing over and they are complement one another, that the outcome we are expecting to receive, will give us more clear and deep insight on this influence.

Objects will be selected from material of Department of Forensic Psychiatry of Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology in Warsaw (IP&N). All of selected objects will be convicts for crimes of aggressive acts, which previously were forensic psychiatric examined as suspects. 50 objects, 50 controls will be included.

1. Phase - 1st. The forensic psychiatric examination. All of selected objects and controls will undergo MRI and the examination of their general health and mental status.

2. Phase - 2nd. From all subjects and controls a sample of the urine will be collected. Level of urinal Kryptopyrrole and its concentration will be detected.

3. Phase - 3rd. Post mortem neuropathomorphological assessment of 30 young criminals with known medical history, convicted for aggressive acts, who committed suicide in prison.

We are expecting statistical importance of comparison of outcome of neuroimaging vs. post mortem studies, which will correlate to mental status and Kryptopyrrole level in urine vs. controls. Effect of its toxicity may be proved by comparison of neuroimaging vs. post mortem studies of brain morphology.

To find out clinical and social factors contributing to specific female crimes - infanticide and neonaticide.

Psychopathological, psychological, statistical.

A cohort of 16 females who had killed their children was examined. All women were victims of violence by their husbands or partners. Domestic abuse resulted in long-term mental problems of women. Clinical assessment has revealed depression, anxiety, fear, PTSD, alcohol abuse.

There were two types of homicides. Women of the first subgroup (9) had committed infanticide and they displayed pathological altruistic motivation of the crime. Women of the second subgroup (7) had committed neonaticide. Alongside with clinical factors neonaticide reflects mostly social factors. Women of the second subgroup were younger and often exposed to psychogenic situations with high level of stress (financial and housing problems, concealment of illegitimate pregnancy, violence of the partner). In accordance with the Criminal Code of Russia the special article (106) governs infanticide and neonaticide. This law takes into account the psychogenic situation which caused the crime (battered women syndrome) and the fact that at the time of child murder the mental state of mother was affected by childbirth.

In cases of infanticide and neonaticide the court is free to make verdict more lenient and its reflects more humane approach to such complicate phenomenon as child murder.

Schizotypal disorder comprises a wide spectrum of schizophrenic disorders from personality to sub-psychotic disorders. As a result, psychiatric evaluation of this psychopathology is ambiguous and a challenge to forensic psychiatry.

The aim of study was to define criteria for forensic evaluation of schizotypal disorder according the form of disease by examining 82 patients who committed crimes and who had been diagnosed “schizotypal personality disorder”(12), “schizotypal disorder” (pseudopsychopatic (38), pseudoneurotic (13), schizophrenia with bare symptoms (16), schizophrenic reaction (3)

There was evidence of different forms of schizotypal disorders related to the degree of responsibility for the crime committed (9 patients with schizotypal personality disorders) compared with (46 patients with mild forms of schizophrenia) considered not responsible. The sample of patients were considered as having diminished responsibility (27 patients with different forms of mild schizophrenia). The criteria for psychiatric evaluation were: intensity of negative symptoms, quasi-psychotic symptoms during period of crime, dynamic aspects of disease, connection between psychopathology and character, motives, causes of crime, level of critical and prognostic abilities, intensity of personality disorders, level of social function and adjustment.

Forensic conclusion depends on the form of schyzotypal disorder. The patients with schizoptypal personality disorder demonstrate integrity of cognitive sphere and singularity of emotions, rather high level of social adjustment. That's why the are mostly considered as responsible. The patients with mild forms of schizophrenia show pathology in sphere of thinking and emotions, social problems, so forensic conclusion can be different from irresponsibility to diminished responsibility.