Since the 1970s there has been a rich theory of equilibrium states over shift spaces associated to Hölder-continuous real-valued potentials. The construction of equilibrium states associated to matrix-valued potentials is much more recent, with a complete description of such equilibrium states being achieved by Feng and Käenmäki [Equilibrium states of the pressure function for products of matrices. Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst.30(3) (2011), 699–708]. In a recent article [Ergodic properties of matrix equilibrium states. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys. (2017), to appear] the author investigated the ergodic-theoretic properties of these matrix equilibrium states, attempting in particular to give necessary and sufficient conditions for mixing, positive entropy, and the property of being a Bernoulli measure with respect to the natural partition, in terms of the algebraic properties of the semigroup generated by the matrices. Necessary and sufficient conditions were successfully established for the latter two properties, but only a sufficient condition for mixing was given. The purpose of this note is to complete that investigation by giving a necessary and sufficient condition for a matrix equilibrium state to be mixing.

Harmonic map theory is used to show that a convex cocompact surface group action on a $\text{CAT}(-1)$ metric space fixes a convex copy of the hyperbolic plane (i.e. the action is Fuchsian) if and only if the Hausdorff dimension of the limit set of the action is equal to 1. This provides another proof of a result of Bonk and Kleiner. More generally, we show that the limit set of every convex cocompact surface group action on a $\text{CAT}(-1)$ space has Hausdorff dimension $\geq 1$, where the inequality is strict unless the action is Fuchsian.

For a measure-preserving dynamical system $({\mathcal{X}},f,\unicode[STIX]{x1D707})$, we consider the time series of maxima $M_{n}=\max \{X_{1},\ldots ,X_{n}\}$ associated to the process $X_{n}=\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}(f^{n-1}(x))$ generated by the dynamical system for some observable $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}:{\mathcal{X}}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$. Using a point-process approach we establish weak convergence of the process $Y_{n}(t)=a_{n}(M_{[nt]}-b_{n})$ to an extremal process $Y(t)$ for suitable scaling constants $a_{n},b_{n}\in \mathbb{R}$. Convergence here takes place in the Skorokhod space $\mathbb{D}(0,\infty )$ with the $J_{1}$ topology. We also establish distributional results for the record times and record values of the corresponding maxima process.

In this paper, we show local smooth rigidity for higher rank ergodic nilpotent action by toral automorphisms. In former papers all examples for actions enjoying the local smooth rigidity phenomenon are higher rank and have no rank-one factors. In this paper we give examples of smooth rigidity of actions having rank-one factors. The method is a generalization of the KAM (Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser) iterative scheme.

We prove that the pressure metric on the Teichmüller space of a bordered surface is incomplete and that a completion can be given by the moduli space of metrics on a graph (dual to a special ideal triangulation of the same bordered surface) equipped with pressure metric. In contrast to the closed surface case, we obtain as a corollary that the pressure metric is not bi-Lipschitz to the Weil–Petersson metric.

We determine the Hausdorff, the packing and the box-counting dimensions of a family of self-affine sets generalizing Barański carpets. More specifically, we fix a Barański system and allow both vertical and horizontal random translations, while preserving the structure of the rows and columns. The alignment kept in the construction allows us to give expressions for these fractal dimensions outside of a small set of exceptional translations. Such formulae will coincide with those for the non-overlapping case, and thus provide examples where the box-counting and the Hausdorff dimension do not necessarily agree. These results rely on Hochman’s recent work on the dimensions of self-similar sets and measures, and can be seen as an extension of Fraser and Shmerkin [On the dimensions of a family of overlapping self-affine carpets. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys.doi: 10.1017/etds.2015.21. Published online: 21 July 2015] results for Bedford–McMullen carpets with columns overlapping.

We show the exact dimensionality of harmonic measures associated with random walks on groups acting on a hyperbolic space under a finite first moment condition, and establish the dimension formula by the entropy over the drift. We also treat the case when a group acts on a non-proper hyperbolic space acylindrically. Applications of this formula include continuity of the Hausdorff dimension with respect to driving measures and Brownian motions on regular coverings of a finite volume Riemannian manifold.

We consider a continuous dynamical system $f:X\rightarrow X$ on a compact metric space $X$ equipped with an $m$-dimensional continuous potential $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7}=(\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}_{1},\ldots ,\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}_{m}):X\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^{m}$. We study the set of ground states $GS(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC})$ of the potential $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}\cdot \unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7}$ as a function of the direction vector $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}\in S^{m-1}$. We show that the structure of the ground state sets is naturally related to the geometry of the generalized rotation set of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7}$. In particular, for each $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$ the set of rotation vectors of $GS(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC})$ forms a non-empty, compact and connected subset of a face $F_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7})$ of the rotation set associated with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$. Moreover, every ground state maximizes entropy among all invariant measures with rotation vectors in $F_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7})$. We further establish the occurrence of several quite unexpected phenomena. Namely, we construct for any $m\in \mathbb{N}$ examples with an exposed boundary point (that is, $F_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7})$ being a singleton) without a unique ground state. Further, we establish the possibility of a line segment face $F_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7})$ with a unique but non-ergodic ground state. Finally, we establish the possibility that the set of rotation vectors of $GS(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC})$ is a non-trivial line segment.

A linear subspace $E$ of $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ has colored local rules if there exists a finite set of decorated tiles whose tilings are digitizations of $E$. The local rules are weak if the digitizations can slightly wander around $E$. We prove that a linear subspace has weak colored local rules if and only if it is computable. This goes beyond previous results, all based on algebraic subspaces. We prove an analogous characterization for sets of linear subspaces, including the set of all the linear subspaces of $\mathbb{R}^{n}$.

A state amalgamation of a directed graph is a node contraction which is only permitted under certain configurations of incident edges. In symbolic dynamics, state amalgamation and its inverse operation, state splitting, play a fundamental role in the theory of subshifts of finite type (SFT): any conjugacy between SFTs, given as vertex shifts, can be expressed as a sequence of symbol splittings followed by a sequence of symbol amalgamations. It is not known whether determining conjugacy between SFTs is decidable. We focus on conjugacy via amalgamations alone and consider the simpler problem of deciding whether one can perform $k$ consecutive amalgamations from a given graph. This problem also arises when using symbolic dynamics to study continuous maps, where one seeks to coarsen a Markov partition in order to simplify it. We show that this state amalgamation problem is NP-complete by reduction from the hitting set problem, thus giving further evidence that classifying SFTs up to conjugacy may be undecidable.

We construct a set of integers $S$ such that every translate of $S$ is a set of recurrence and a set of rigidity for a weak mixing measure preserving system. Here ‘set of rigidity’ means that enumerating $S$ as $(s_{n})_{n\in \mathbb{N}}$ produces a rigidity sequence. This construction generalizes or strengthens results of Katznelson, Saeki (on equidistribution and the Bohr topology), Forrest (on sets of recurrence and strong recurrence), and Fayad and Kanigowski (on rigidity sequences). The construction also provides a density analogue of Julia Wolf’s results on popular differences in finite abelian groups.

We present a dynamical proof of the well-known fact that the Néron–Tate canonical height (and its local counterpart) takes rational values at points of an elliptic curve over a function field $k=\mathbb{C}(X)$, where $X$ is a curve. More generally, we investigate the mechanism by which the local canonical height for a map $f:\mathbb{P}^{1}\rightarrow \mathbb{P}^{1}$ defined over a function field $k$ can take irrational values (at points in a local completion of $k$), providing examples in all degrees $\deg f\geq 2$. Building on Kiwi’s classification of non-archimedean Julia sets for quadratic maps [Puiseux series dynamics of quadratic rational maps. Israel J. Math.201 (2014), 631–700], we give a complete answer in degree 2 characterizing the existence of points with irrational local canonical heights. As an application we prove that if the heights $\widehat{h}_{f}(a),\widehat{h}_{g}(b)$ are rational and positive, for maps $f$ and $g$ of multiplicatively independent degrees and points $a,b\in \mathbb{P}^{1}(\bar{k})$, then the orbits $\{f^{n}(a)\}_{n\geq 0}$ and $\{g^{m}(b)\}_{m\geq 0}$ intersect in at most finitely many points, complementing the results of Ghioca et al [Intersections of polynomials orbits, and a dynamical Mordell–Lang conjecture. Invent. Math.171 (2) (2008), 463–483].

Over a finite alphabet $A$ of real numbers, unique expansions in base $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$ are considered. A real number $G_{A}$ called the generalized golden ratio is a critical point of a situation of unique expansions. If $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}<G_{A}$, then there are only trivial unique expansions in base $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$, while there are non-trivial unique expansions in base $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$ whenever $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}>G_{A}$. Komornik, Lai and Pedicini [Generalized golden ratios of ternary alphabets. J. Eur. Math. Soc.13(4) (2011), 1113–1146] investigated the case where $A$ consists of three real numbers, and demonstrated that Sturmian words curiously emerge out of the generalized golden ratio. The present paper focuses on Sturmian words under this context. For a given alphabet $A=\{a_{1},a_{2},a_{3}\}$ with $a_{1}<a_{2}<a_{3}$, we give a complete characterization of the corresponding Sturmian words effectively and algorithmically, which reveals interesting structures behind the generalized golden ratios.

The aim of this paper is to show $J$-stability of expanding rational maps over an algebraically closed, complete and non-Archimedean field of characteristic zero. More precisely, we will show that for any expanding rational map, there exists a neighborhood of it such that the dynamics on the Julia set of any rational map in the neighborhood is the same as the dynamics of the expanding rational map as a non-Archimedean analogue of a corollary of Mañé, Sad and Sullivan’s result [On the dynamics of rational maps. Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér. (4)16 (1983), 193–217] in complex dynamics.

We investigate the description of Fatou components for polynomial skew products in two complex variables. The non-existence of wandering domains near a super-attracting invariant fiber was shown in Lilov [Fatou theory in two dimensions. PhD Thesis, University of Michigan, 2004], and the geometrically attracting case was studied in Peters and Vivas [Polynomial skew products with wandering Fatou-disks. Math. Z.283(1–2) (2016), 349–366] and Peters and Smit [Fatou components of attracting skew products. Preprint, 2015, http://arxiv.org/abs/1508.06605]. In Astorg et al [A two-dimensional polynomial mapping with a wandering Fatou component. Ann. of Math. (2), 184 (2016), 263–313] it was proven that wandering domains can exist near a parabolic invariant fiber. In this paper we study the remaining case, namely the dynamics near an elliptic invariant fiber. We prove that the two-dimensional Fatou components near the elliptic invariant fiber correspond exactly to the Fatou components of the restriction to the fiber, under the assumption that the multiplier at the elliptic invariant fiber satisfies the Brjuno condition and that the restriction polynomial has no critical points on the Julia set. We also show the description does not hold when the Brjuno condition is dropped. Our main tool is the construction of expanding metrics on nearby fibers, and one of the key steps in this construction is given by a local description of the dynamics near a parabolic periodic cycle.

We construct an infinite-dimensional compact metric space $X$, which is a closed subset of $\mathbb{S}\times \mathbb{H}$, where $\mathbb{S}$ is the unit circle and $\mathbb{H}$ is the Hilbert cube, and a skew-product map $F$ acting on $X$ such that $(X,F)$ is Li–Yorke sensitive but possesses at most countable scrambled sets. This disproves the conjecture of Akin and Kolyada that Li–Yorke sensitivity implies Li–Yorke chaos [Akin and Kolyada. Li–Yorke sensitivity. Nonlinearity16, (2003), 1421–1433].

We introduce the mean topological dimension for random bundle transformations, and show that continuous bundle random dynamical systems with finite topological entropy or satisfying the small boundary property have zero mean topological dimensions.

Polynomial Abel differential equations are considered a model problem for the classical Poincaré center–focus problem for planar polynomial systems of ordinary differential equations. In the last few decades, several works pointed out that all centers of the polynomial Abel differential equations satisfied the composition conditions (also called universal centers). In this work we provide a simple counterexample to this conjecture.

Factor complexity $b_{n}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D719})$ for a vertex coloring $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$ of a regular tree is the number of classes of $n$-balls up to color-preserving automorphisms. Sturmian colorings are colorings of minimal unbounded factor complexity $b_{n}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D719})=n+2$. In this article, we prove an induction algorithm for Sturmian colorings using colored balls in a way analogous to the continued fraction algorithm for Sturmian words. Furthermore, we characterize Sturmian colorings in terms of the data appearing in the induction algorithm.

Motivated by recent investigations of ergodic optimization for matrix cocycles, we study the measures of the maximum top Lyapunov exponent for pairs of bounded weighted shift operators on a separable Hilbert space. We prove that, for generic pairs of weighted shift operators, the Lyapunov-maximizing measure is unique, and show that there exist pairs of operators whose unique Lyapunov-maximizing measure takes any prescribed value less than $\log 2$ for its metric entropy. We also show that, in contrast to the matrix case, the Lyapunov-maximizing measures of pairs of bounded operators are, in general, not characterized by their supports: we construct explicitly a pair of operators and a pair of ergodic measures on the 2-shift with identical supports, such that one of the two measures is Lyapunov-maximizing for the pair of operators and the other measure is not. Our proofs make use of the Ornstein $\overline{d}$-metric to estimate differences in the top Lyapunov exponent of a pair of weighted shift operators as the underlying measure is varied.