Percutaneous transhepatic venous access has been utilised for numerous transcatheter cardiac procedures. Traditionally, a large transhepatic tract requires the placement of permanent occlusion devices or coils. We describe a successful closure using a simple technique (Surgifoam) without the need for metal hardware placement. Immediate hemostasis was achieved. No complications were encountered.

Peripherally inserted central catheters are commonly used for intravascular access in low birth weight neonates. Here, we describe a case of transcatheter retrieval of an embolised peripherally inserted central catheter line in the right ventricle extending to the left pulmonary artery in a preterm very low birth weight baby. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case where transcatheter retrieval of embolised peripherally inserted central catheter line has been done from the left pulmonary artery in such a very low birth weight preterm neonate. Although retrieval of foreign body is common in adults and older children, very few case reports have documented successful retrieval of embolised peripherally inserted central catheter line in very low birth weight neonates using interventional techniques. Most of the cases in literature reported retrieval of an indwelling umbilical venous catheter rather than a peripherally inserted central catheter line as in our case. Also, none of these cases had the embolised fragment retrieved from the left pulmonary artery. This approach was technically very challenging as we were taking care of a 5-day old preterm neonate born at 32 weeks of gestation having very low birth weight (1100 g) with features of clinical sepsis, coagulopathy, and embolised catheter fragment extending from right ventricle to left pulmonary artery. The procedure was uneventful without any complication and the catheter was retrieved successfully.

Left ventricular non-compaction is a very rare, still unclassified congenital cardiomyopathy. Nine distinct subtypes of functional and anatomical left ventricular non-compaction have been identified. Studies on the prognosis and mortality of subtypes are ongoing. Our study presented the first restrictive subtype left ventricular non-compaction case with family history and MYH7 gene mutation.

Aorto-left ventricular tunnel is an extremely rare CHD clinically impressing as aortic regurgitation. This is usually corrected surgically, sometimes by percutaneous catheter intervention. Recurrent aorto-left ventricular tunnel has been reported occasionally. Reports of percutaneous closure of such recurrent aorto-left ventricular tunnels are rare. We hereby describe successful closure of a recurrent aorto-left ventricular tunnel with an Amplatzer Vascular Plug II.

Kawasaki disease is the most common vasculitis in children which can result in myocarditis in the acute phase and coronary artery aneurysms, as a major complication, in the sub-acute to chronic phase. We present a case of Kawasaki disease in the sub-acute phase with its features in cardiac MRI manifesting concomitant active myocarditis and giant coronary artery aneurysms.

Transposition of the great arteries is the most common cyanotic CHD in newborns. This CHD, in which the aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery from the left ventricle, is often accompanied by one or several defects such as atrial septal defect or patent foramen ovale, ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus, which allow the transition between both parallel circulations. Rarely, the disease may be accompanied by left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (subpulmonary obstruction) and coarctation of the aorta.

We present a highly complicated and unusual transposition of the great arteries patient with critical aortic coarctation and hypoplastic pulmonary arteries with abnormal outflow and course.

We report a rare case of aortic valve atresia and type C interrupted aortic arch with retrograde filling of the ascending aorta via the right common carotid artery through intracranial collateralisation and a presumed intact circle of Willis, who successfully underwent a complete biventricular repair in the neonatal period.

Mitral regurgitation in the neonatal period is relatively rare. It can be secondary to a congenital malformation of the valve apparatus or mitral valve dysfunction and deformation secondary to myocardial dysfunction or volume load of the left ventricle. Less commonly, it can be due to coronary artery abnormalities leading to mitral valve papillary muscle ischaemia and subsequent dysfunction. Such coronary artery abnormalities include anomalous left coronary artery from pulmonary artery, left main coronary artery atresia, or a thromboembolic phenomenon. In this study, we describe a newborn with a dysplastic aortic valve causing obstruction of the os of the left coronary artery leading to progressive mitral insufficiency.

Mycotic pseudoaneurysm secondary to infective endocarditis is an uncommon complication in CHD with conduit placement. We report a case of late presentation of bacterial infective endocarditis with pseudoaneurysm in an 8-year-old girl with underlying pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect, post Rastelli procedure done at the age of 3 years old.

Congenital coronary artery anomalies represent a rare cause for cardiac arrest in children and adults; however, most of these anomalies are asymptomatic and incidental findings. We report on a 14-year-old boy who was admitted to our hospital after cardiopulmonary resuscitation at home. Diagnostic workup including histopathology revealed parvovirus B19 in endomyocardial biopsy. Moreover, cardiac catheterisation as well as CT angiography identified an anomalous origin of the right coronary artery with an interarterial course. Since this anomalous coronary artery might have caused impaired myocardial perfusion causing cardiac arrest, surgical correction and implantation of a cardioverter defibrillator were performed. The further post-operative clinical course (7 months) has been uneventful.

Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysms are uncommon. They may occur secondary to trauma, infectious diseases, vasculitis syndromes, neoplasms, congenital diseases, and pulmonary hypertension. Due to increasing number of cardiac interventions, iatrogenic complications are among the major causes of pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysms.

In this report, we present a 6-month-old patient with pulmonary pseudoaneurysm that occurred following pulmonary balloon angioplasty for the relief of a pulmonary band.

Diffuse pulmonary haemorrhage is an ominous condition that has a high paediatric mortality rate. Recombinant activated factor VIIa (rFVIIa) is a powerful haemostatic agent which has been used intravenously in life-threatening haemorrhage in variety of conditions in which conventional medical or surgical therapy are unsuccessful. We report off-label successful use of endotracheal rFVIIa for massive life-threatening respiratory haemorrhage following aspiration and cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a 3-month-old infant who was anticoagulated with enoxaparin following corrective cardiac surgery with other comorbidities. Off-label administration of endotracheal rFVIIa permitted rapid safe control of massive pulmonary haemorrhage and prevented further detrimental decline in respiratory function with satisfactory outcome.

Invasive aspergillosis is a major cause of infectious disease in immunocompromised patients; however, cardiac involvement in pulmonary aspergillosis is not well-known. Two paediatric patients undergoing chemotherapy were diagnosed with cardiac aspergilloma, accompanied by pulmonary aspergillosis. In both patients, antibiotic and antifungal treatments were initiated immediately after the pneumonia was diagnosed; however, both died of multiple cerebral thromboembolisms.