The Saxons used beorh for prehistoric barrows and hlæw for their own barrows, but pleased themselves which term to use for prehistoric barrows containing intrusive Saxon burials (e.g. Rough Barrow, Cheselbourne 8b, Dorset; Cwicelmes Low, Ardley, Oxon.; the better known Cwichelmes Low (East Hendred, Oxon. ex Berkshire) is mentioned not in a charier but in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Long barrow Swell IV, Glos., contained Saxon intrusive burials.

There are more than twenty rough barrows but only one rough low (in Chetwode-Hillesden, Buckinghamshire, S 544), implying that the Saxons normally kept their own barrows tidy but did not bother much about those of earlier date.

They sometimes distinguished between long and round barrows (e.g. Long Barrow, Swell IV, Glos.; ‘the barrow which lies between the two long barrows’, Wonston, Hants. They never distinguished between round barrows of bowl, bell, disc and saucer types.

Scrutiny of the charters has led to the discovery of a few barrows previously unknown to the Ordnance Survey Archaeology Division, e.g. Buckland Newton I, Dorset; Cheselbourne 17, Dorset; Tetbury Upton 3, Glos.

As the charters were written more than a thousand years ago they recorded many barrows long before they had been reduced to their present sorry state by ploughing and other agencies.

Excavation within part of the former library at Audley End House, Essex, in 1979 brought to light debris from the plaster ceiling erected between 1753 and 1762, and much workshop debris relating to the decorative plasterwork executed throughout the new Great Apartments by Joseph Rose senior, to the designs of Robert Adam, in 1764-6. The latter material is used to demonstrate in detail the technology of decorative gypsum plasterwork. This is contrasted with the methods used by the stuccoist Thomas Clayton at Châtelhérault, Hamilton, Lanarkshire, c. 1742-6, and the eclectic technology evidenced in the earlier library ceiling at Audley End. Finally, the development of the technology of decorative plasterwork in Britain between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries is reviewed in the light of information currently available.

The appearance of a joint paper more than ten years after the death of one of its authors demands a few words of explanation. Our late Fellow, Herbert Chitty, read before this Society on 21st May 1925 a paper on ‘Fromond's Chantry at Winchester College', printed in the 75th volume of Archaeologia. It was his intention to offer to the Society a companion paper upon the other chantry in the college, that of Warden Robert Thurbern, and from 1926 onwards he devoted time to research into its history, and to the collection of a series of lantern slides, made for him by the late Sydney Pitcher. Other occupations forced Chitty to lay aside this project, and it remained unfinished at his death on 28th December 1949. The basic materials survived him, however, as well as the collection of slides. Meanwhile, the years 1950–60 have seen momentous changes in the appearance of Thurbern's Chantry, adding a new chapter to its history. These functional, architectural, and decorative changes are now complete, and this seems a suitable time to present the results of Chitty's researches, followed by some account of recent happenings.

For the past sixty years the environs of the village of Spiennes, south-east of Mons in Hainault, Belgium, have continually provided archaeologists with evidence in great abundance. The banks of the Trouille valley have been inhabited almost continuously since man first appeared on the earth, that is since the beginning of quaternary times. The relics of these successive occupations by man are distributed according to their date on three of the four terraces, at the respective elevations of 266, 233, 100, and 7 feet above the river level. On the 233 ft. terrace is found an industry of considerable interest, still almost entirely of eolithic character and typical of the first transition from the primitive industry to the palaeolithic. On the 100 ft. terrace a seam of flints at the base of the early alluvium contains an enormous development of the first palaeolithic industry which was named pre-Chelles by the late Professor Commont. This is the industry corresponding to the Piltdown skull in England, and to the second (133 ft.) and third (83 ft.) terraces of the Somme valley at St. Acheul. It also occurs on the high ground of North Kent (Swanscombe, Galley Hill, etc., on the 100 ft. terrace).

The bronze brooch illustrated from photographs on pl. xi (and here also from drawings by Mr. F. Cottrill), was found a number of years ago by Mr. T. W. Armitage of Trent Lock, Long Eaton, on the high ground known as Red Hill, above the steep right bank of the river Soar just south of its confluence with the Trent in southern Nottinghamshire, between the villages of Thrumpton and Ratcliffe-upon-Soar and on the west side of the main L.M.S. railway line from Leicester to Nottingham, Long Eaton, and Derby. The site is habitually arable land, and Mr. Armitage has collected a number of antiquities from its surface, including besides this brooch several Roman coins and Romano-British bronze brooches along with some amount of mainly Romano-British pottery, to which, in the winter of 1943, he drew the attention of the Society. In subsequent correspondence he readily gave permission for the publication here of this unusual brooch, which he had himself recognized as a Celtic product of the pre-Roman Iron Age; and in lending it to the present writers for the purpose, he allowed it also to be cleaned and examined at Oxford, under Mr. Jacobsthal's direction, by Mr. V. R. Rickard in the laboratory of the Ashmolean Museum. The photographs were taken in the studio of the same museum.

The Temple Church, founded as the chapel of the motherhouse of the English Templars around 1160, is among the most intriguing medieval churches in London. Utilising a wide range of textual, archaeological and architectural evidence, this paper provides a new account of the evolution of the ecclesiastical complex from the mid-twelfth century to the mid-thirteenth century, focusing in particular on the form and the function of a series of now largely obliterated auxiliary structures. It argues that one of the driving forces for the construction of these buildings was a competition for both patrons and prestige that existed between the two preeminent military orders of the period: the Templars and the Hospitallers.

This paper will describe and illustrate variations on a sculptural theme in late-Hanoverian and early-Victorian funerary monuments by Sir Francis Chantrey (1781–1841), which, taken as a whole, demonstrate a shift in taste from severe Neo-Classicism to Early Romanticism. In the 1820s and 1830s, Chantrey carved several memorials to Anglican bishops featuring the prelates kneeling in prayer or contemplation: some showed the bishops in high relief against architectural backgrounds, others depicted them as free-standing figures. From the 1840s onwards, the impact of the Gothic Revival and Ecclesiology led to numerous bishops being commemorated by recumbent effigies, so the kneeling type was a relatively short-lived form, and could even be called an invention of Chantrey.