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36483 results in Social and population history

Page 148 of 1825

  • Sources and Contextualizations: Comparing Eighteenth-Century North African and Western European Institutions

  • Part of
  • Simona Cerutti, Isabelle Grangaud
  • Journal:
    Comparative Studies in Society and History / Volume 59 / Issue 1 / January 2017
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    25 January 2017, pp. 5-33
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  • Our collaborative project originates in an attempt to articulate the intrinsic specificity of cases and contexts within a resolutely comparative approach. We focus particularly on what we believe to be the major limitation of comparison, namely the supposed need to rigidify the objects of comparison, to detach them from their contingent specificities and reduce cases to a set of data homogeneous enough to be compared. Our intent is to start a critical discussion regarding the hypothetical need to let go of specificity as the condition of comparison. With this in mind, we propose a comparative approach focused on sources rather than objects, and we consider them in terms of actions endowed with intentionality. The present study compares two institutions: the droit d'aubaine, and the Bayt al-mâl or Treasury, a traditional Islamic fiscal institution found in a number of Ottoman-era governments, whose prerogatives have typically been reduced to managing heirless estates and burying the poor. In theory, the aubaine and the Bayt al-mâl belong to distinct cultural and historical realms. Yet, as we demonstrate here, a careful analysis of the sources produced by each institution helps unpack these “cultural” constructions, produces new contexts in which both can be situated, and sheds light on the process of their construction and their amenability to comparison.

Letters of the Catholic Poor
  • Poverty in Independent Ireland, 1920–1940
  • Lindsey Earner-Byrne
  • Published online:
    20 January 2017
    Print publication:
    11 January 2017
  • This innovative study of poverty in Independent Ireland between 1920 and 1940 is the first to place the poor at its core by exploring their own words and letters. Written to the Catholic Archbishop of Dublin, their correspondence represents one of the few traces in history of Irish experiences of poverty, and collectively they illuminate the lives of so many during the foundation decades of the Irish state. This book keeps the human element central, so often lost when the framework of history is policy, institutions and legislation. It explores how ideas of charity, faith, gender, character and social status were deployed in these poverty narratives and examines the impact of poverty on the lives of these writers and the survival strategies they employed. Finally, it considers the role of priests in vetting and vouching for the poor and, in so doing, perpetuating the discriminating culture of charity.

  • Introduction

  • Lindsey Earner-Byrne, University College Dublin
  • Book:
    Letters of the Catholic Poor
    Published online:
    20 January 2017
    Print publication:
    11 January 2017, pp 1-19
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  • Can Peasants Make a Revolution? Colonialism, Labour, and Power Relations in Pierre Bourdieu’s Algerian Inquiries*

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  • Andrea Rapini
  • Journal:
    International Review of Social History / Volume 61 / Issue 3 / December 2016
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 December 2016, pp. 389-421
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  • This article analyses the Algerian inquiries of Pierre Bourdieu. It begins by retracing the most pervasive, medium- and long-term interventions of French colonial power in Algerian society: the introduction of capitalism and the internment of civilians in the centres de regroupement. Next, it outlines the social subjects studied by the young agrégé of philosophy and his representation of labour. Subsequent sections deal with shifts in the public stance of Bourdieu regarding the revolutionary propensity of these people. On this tricky testing ground, Bourdieu engaged with and critically confronted the ideas of Germaine Tillion and Frantz Fanon. His position is reviewed from a historical-philological approach in order to set the texts in their temporal and spatial contexts, establish parallels and/or divergences, and verify the effects such comparisons produced. The conclusions emphasize the richness and originality of Bourdieu’s inquiries given the era in which they were made and highlight, in light of the recent global reorientation of labour history, some of the vital viewpoints expressed on the origins of capitalism in the colony.

  • ISH volume 61 issue 3 Cover and Front matter

  • Journal:
    International Review of Social History / Volume 61 / Issue 3 / December 2016
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 December 2016, pp. f1-f3
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Page 148 of 1825