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2 - Extending goal ambiguity research in ­government: from organizational goal ambiguity to programme goal ambiguity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2014

By
Hal G. Rainey  and
Chan Su Jung
Edited by
Richard M. Walker ,
George A. Boyne  and
Gene A. Brewer
Hal G. Rainey
Affiliation:
University of Georgia
Chan Su Jung
Affiliation:
University of Georgia
Richard M. Walker
Affiliation:
The University of Hong Kong
George A. Boyne
Affiliation:
Cardiff University
Gene A. Brewer
Affiliation:
University of Georgia
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Summary

This chapter describes recent research on goal ambiguity (or goal clarity) in government organizations. Almost unanimously, scholars and experts say that public organizations have goals that are more multiple, conflicting and vague than the goals of business firms. (e.g. Allison 1983; Dahl and Lindblom 1953; Downs 1967; Drucker 1980; Frederickson and Frederickson 2006: 174; Heinrich 1999; Lowi 1979; Lynn 1981; Moynihan 2008: 142–5; Wildavsky 1979; Wilson 1989). These authors usually relate these characteristics of government organizations’ goals to other important organizational characteristics, such as greater difficulty in measuring performance and hence in achieving high performance; in maintaining organizational control; in avoiding ‘red tape’; and in motivating employees, as compared to business firms. To the extent that there are theories of government organizations, these observations play a central role in them. Many governmental reform initiatives include directives that government organizations state goals, clarify them and measure the extent to which they are achieved (Frederickson and Frederickson 2006; Gilmour 2006; Moynihan 2008: 28–31). In spite of the ubiquity of such observations about public organizations’ goals, researchers have reported few analyses of the goal characteristics of government organizations, or of organizations of any kind.

This chapter will review important examples of the assertions cited above about the goals of government organizations and the influences on the ambiguity of those goals. Then it will review recent research on the goals of public organizations. Next, the discussion will focus on recent studies that have analysed the level of goal ambiguity of large samples of government organizations and programmes (smaller organizational entities that are components of government agencies). These recent studies have developed measures of the level of goal ambiguity of such organiza­tions and programmes, and have related those levels to other characteristics of the organizations and the programmes. The chapter then discusses the remaining challenges, and makes some propositions about the relations between goal ambiguity and clarity and the performance of public organizations.

Type
Chapter
Information
Public Management and Performance
Research Directions
 , pp. 34 - 59
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

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