Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-29T11:49:35.009Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 20 - Musculoskeletal Tumours

from Section 3 - Core Paediatric Orthopaedics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 January 2024

By
Richard Gardner ,
Gino R. Somers  and
Sevan Hopyan
Edited by
Sattar Alshryda ,
Stan Jones  and
Paul A. Banaszkiewicz
Sattar Alshryda
Affiliation:
Al Jalila Children’s Specialty Hospital, Dubai Academic Health Corporation, Dubai UAE
Stan Jones
Affiliation:
Al Ahli Hospital, Qatar
Paul A. Banaszkiewicz
Affiliation:
Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead
Get access

Summary

This chapter aims to cover the commonest benign and malignant bone tumours in paediatric orthopaedics practice (and exams). Table 20.1 summarizes bone tumours and their cells of origin, and Table 20.2 summarizes bone tumour-like conditions. The selected tumours in this chapter are those that are most frequently addressed in the FRCS exams. The current evidence is discussed, and the identifiable radiological and histological features are illustrated. To this aim, we have also included the soft tissue tumour rhabdomyosarcoma.

Type
Chapter
Information
Postgraduate Paediatric Orthopaedics
The Candidate's Guide to the FRCS(Tr&Orth) Examination
 , pp. 347 - 368
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Campanacci, M, Capanna, R, Picci, P. Unicameral and aneurysmal bone cysts. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1986;204:25–36.Google Scholar
Vayego, SA, De Conti, OJ, Varella-Garcia, M. Complex cytogenetic rearrangement in a case of unicameral bone cyst. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 1996;86(1):46–9.Google Scholar
Shindell, R, Connolly, JF, Lippiello, L. Prostaglandin levels in a unicameral bone cyst treated by corticosteroid injection. J Pediatr Orthop. 1987;7(2):210–12.Google Scholar
McGlynn, FJ, Mickelson, MR, El-Khoury, GY. The fallen fragment sign in unicameral bone cyst. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1981;156:157–9.Google Scholar
Kaelin, AJ, MacEwen, GD. Unicameral bone cysts. Natural history and the risk of fracture. Int Orthop. 1989;13(4):275–82.Google Scholar
Wright, JG, Yandow, S, Donaldson, S, Marley, L. A randomized clinical trial comparing intralesional bone marrow and steroid injections for simple bone cysts. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008;90(4):722–30.Google Scholar
Alshryda, S, Wright, J. Evidence based treatment for simple bone cyst. In: Alshryda, S, Huntley, JS, Banaszkiewicz, P, eds. Paediatric Orthopaedics: An Evidence-Based Approach to Clinical Questions. Cham: Springer; 2016. pp. 51–75.Google Scholar
Alshryda, S, Howard, JJ, Huntley, JS, Schoenecker, JG. The Pediatric and Adolescent Hip: Essentials and Evidence. Springer International Publishing; 2019.Google Scholar
Scaglietti, O, Marchetti, PG, Bartolozzi, P. Final results obtained in the treatment of bone cysts with methylprednisolone acetate (depo-medrol) and a discussion of results achieved in other bone lesions. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1982;165:33–42.Google Scholar
Docquier, PL, Delloye, C. Treatment of simple bone cysts with aspiration and a single bone marrow injection. J Pediatr Orthop. 2003;23(6):766–73.Google Scholar
Canavese, F, Wright, JG, Cole, WG, Hopyan, S. Unicameral bone cysts: comparison of percutaneous curettage, steroid, and autologous bone marrow injections. J Pediatr Orthop. 2010;31(1):50–5.Google Scholar
Hou, HY, Wu, K, Wang, CT, Chang, SM, Lin, WH, Yang, RS. Treatment of unicameral bone cyst: a comparative study of selected techniques. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010;92(4):855–62.Google Scholar
Rapp, TB, Ward, JP, Alaia, MJ. Aneurysmal bone cyst. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2012;20(4):233–41.Google Scholar
Agaram NP, Bredella MA. Aneurysmal Bone Cyst. In: WHO Classification of Tumours: Soft Tissue and Bone Tumours. 5th Ed, IARC Press, 2020, pp 437–9.Google Scholar
Herring, JA. Tachdjians’ Pediatric Orthopaedics, 4th ed, Vol. 1. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier; 2008.Google Scholar
Cottalorda, J, Kohler, R, Sales de Gauzy, J, et al. Epidemiology of aneurysmal bone cyst in children: a multicenter study and literature review. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2004;13(6):389–94.Google Scholar
Oliveira, AM, Hsi, BL, Weremowicz, S, et al. USP6 (Tre2) fusion oncogenes in aneurysmal bone cyst. Cancer Res. 2004;64(6):1920–3.Google Scholar
Leithner, A, Lang, S, Windhager, R, et al. Expression of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in aneurysmal bone cyst. Mod Pathol. 2001;14(11):1100–4.Google Scholar
Zenonos, G, Jamil, O, Governale, LS, Jernigan, S, Hedequist, D, Proctor, MR. Surgical treatment for primary spinal aneurysmal bone cysts: experience from Children’s Hospital Boston. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2012;9(3):305–15.Google Scholar
Gibbs, CP, Jr., Hefele, MC, Peabody, TD, Montag, AG, Aithal, V, Simon, MA. Aneurysmal bone cyst of the extremities. Factors related to local recurrence after curettage with a high-speed burr. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1999;81(12):1671–8.Google Scholar
Weinstein, LS, Shenker, A, Gejman, PV, Merino, MJ, Friedman, E, Spiegel, AM. Activating mutations of the stimulatory G protein in the McCune-Albright syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1991;325(24):1688–95.Google Scholar
Yamamoto, T, Ozono, K, Kasayama, S, et al. Increased IL-6-production by cells isolated from the fibrous bone dysplasia tissues in patients with McCune–Albright syndrome. J Clin Invest. 1996;98(1):30–5.Google Scholar
DiCaprio, MR, Enneking, WF. Fibrous dysplasia. Pathophysiology, evaluation, and treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005;87(8):1848–64.Google Scholar
Rosenberg AE, Bloem JL, Sumathi VP. Fibrous Dysplasia. In: WHO Classification of Tumours: Soft Tissue and Bone Tumours. 5th Ed, IARC Press, 2020, pp 472–4.Google Scholar
Ahmed, AR, Tan, TS, Unni, KK, Collins, MS, Wenger, DE, Sim, FH. Secondary chondrosarcoma in osteochondroma: report of 107 patients. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2003(411):193–206.Google Scholar
Busse, M, Feta, A, Presto, J, et al. Contribution of EXT1, EXT2, and EXTL3 to heparan sulfate chain elongation. J Biol Chem. 2007;282(45):32802–10.Google Scholar
Schmale, GA, Conrad, EU, 3rd, Raskind, WH. The natural history of hereditary multiple exostoses. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1994;76(7):986–92.Google Scholar
Amary F, Bloem JL, Cleven AHG, Konishi E. Chondroblastoma. In: WHO Classification of Tumours: Soft Tissue and Bone Tumours. 5th Ed, IARC Press, 2020, pp 359-61.Google Scholar
Dunst, J, Schuck, A. Role of radiotherapy in Ewing tumors. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2004;42(5):465–70.Google Scholar
Yock, TI, Krailo, M, Fryer, CJ, et al. Local control in pelvic Ewing sarcoma: analysis from INT-0091–a report from the Children’s Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(24):3838–43.Google Scholar
Bacci, G, Longhi, A, Barbieri, E, et al. Second malignancy in 597 patients with Ewing sarcoma of bone treated at a single institution with adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy between 1972 and 1999. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2005;27(10):517–20.Google Scholar
Henderson, TO, Whitton, J, Stovall, M, et al. Secondary sarcomas in childhood cancer survivors: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2007;99(4):300–8.Google Scholar
Andrassy, RJ, Corpron, CA, Hays, D, et al. Extremity sarcomas: an analysis of prognostic factors from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study III. J Pediatr Surg. 1996;31(1):191–6.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×