Laparoscopic techniques

Azad S. Najmaldin; Alfred Cutner

doi:10.1017/CBO9780511527036.013

12 - Laparoscopic techniques

from Part II - Management of developmental abnormalities of the genital tract

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 May 2010

Azad S. Najmaldin and

Edited by

Jane MacDougall and

Azad S. Najmaldin: Affiliation:
St James University Hospital, Leeds, UK
Alfred Cutner: Affiliation:
Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Hospital, London, UK
Adam H. Balen: Affiliation:
Leeds Teaching Hospitals, University Trust
Sarah M. Creighton: Affiliation:
University College London Hospitals
Melanie C. Davies: Affiliation:
University College London
Jane MacDougall: Affiliation:
Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge
Richard Stanhope: Affiliation:
Great Ormond Street Hospital

Book contents

Get access

Summary

Introduction

The first gynaecological reports for laparoscopy came from Hope in 1937 (Hope, 1937) on the diagnosis of extrauterine pregnancy but it was not until the 1970s that laparoscopic surgery started to become established (Semm, 1970). The introduction of good-resolution camera systems and the development of new surgical instruments have enabled the advancement of laparoscopic surgery. In addition, advances in technology have increased the safety parameters and enabled surgery to be performed more efficiently. These technological developments include the expansion of bipolar technology and the introduction of laser modalities, the harmonic scalpel and haemostatic stapling devices.

Originally laparoscopic surgery was referred to as minimally invasive surgery but it soon became apparent that the surgery was highly invasive but performed through small incisions, and hence the term minimal access surgery was coined. Minimal access surgery can be considered as an alternative procedure to the traditional operation; it aims to achieve the same end result as the traditional operation but is performed through small incisions. In hysteroscopic surgery, most laparoscopic procedures should aim to emulate the open operation, the only difference being the size of the incision. However, there may be modifications in the minimal access route as a result of the improved vision that it affords or the difficulty in emulating the open procedure. The perceived disadvantages of the laparoscopic route over the open route are the potential complications, the time to perform the operation and the cost.

Type: Chapter
Information: Paediatric and Adolescent Gynaecology
A Multidisciplinary Approach
, pp. 131 - 146

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511527036.013 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adams, I D, Chan, M, Clifford, P C et al. (1986). Computer aided diagnosis of acute abdominal pain: a multi-centre study. Br Med J 293, 800–804CrossRef Google Scholar

Adamyan L V (1995). Laparoscopic management of vaginal aplasia with or without functioning noncommunicating rudimentary uterus. In Principles of Laparoscopic Surgery, Arrequi M E, Fitzgibbons R J, Katkhouda N, McKernan J B, Reich H eds., pp. 646–651. Springer-Verlag, New York

Anderson, B, Polla, J, Turner, D, Chapman, G, Buller, R (1993). Ovarian transposition in cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol 49, 206–214CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

*,Anon. (1999). A consensus document concerning laparoscopic entry techniques: Middlesbrough, March 19–20 1999. Gynecolog Endosc 8, 403–406CrossRef Google Scholar

Ansbacher, R (1993). Uterine anomalies and future pregnancies. Clin Perinatol 10, 295–304CrossRef Google Scholar

Bagolau, P, Rivosecchi, M, Giorlandino, C (1992). Prenatal diagnosis and clinical outcome of ovarian cyst. J Pediatr Surg 27, 879–881CrossRef Google Scholar

Baker, J W, Morgan, R C, Peckham, M J, Smithers, D W (1972). Presentation of ovarian function in patients requiring radiotherapy for paraortic and pelvic Hodgkin's disease. Lancet ⅰ, 1307–1308CrossRef Google Scholar

Balzer, K M, Witte, H, Recknagel, S, Kozianka, J, Waleczek, H (1999). Anatomic guidelines for the prevention of abdominal wall hematoma induced by trocar placement. Surg Radiol Anat 21, 87–89CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Busacca, M, Perino, A, Venezia, R (1996). Laparoscopic—ultrasonographic combined technique for the creation of a neovagina in Mayer—Rokitansky—Kuster—Hauser syndrome. Fertil Steril 66, 1039–1041CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

*Buttram, V C, Gibbons, W E (1979). Mullerian anomalies: a proposed classification (an analysis of 144 cases). Fertil Steril 32, 40–46CrossRef Google Scholar

Canis, M, Wattiez, A, Pouly, J L et al. (1990). Laparoscopic management of unicornuate uterus with rudimentary horn and unilateral extensive endometriosis: case report. Hum Reprod 5, 819–820CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Chang, W F, Lin, H H, Ho, H N et al. (1994). Ultrasound diagnosis of rudimentary uterine horn pregnancy at fourteen weeks of gestation: a case report. Asia-Oceania J Obstet Gynecol 20, 279–282CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Chapron, C, Morice, P, Dupre La Tour, M, Chavet, X, Dubuisson, J-B (1995). Laparoscopic management of assymetric Mayer—Rokitansky—Kuster—Hauser syndrome. Hum Reprod 10, 369–371CrossRef Google Scholar

Chapron, C, Querleu, D, Bruhat, M A et al. (1998). Surgical complications of diagnostic and operative gynaecological laparoscopy: a series of 29 966 cases. Hum Reprod 13, 867–872CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Chatwani, A, Nyirjesy, P, Harmanli, O H, Grody, M H (1999). Creation of neovagina by laparoscopic Vecchietti operation. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 9, 425–427CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Childers, J M, Brzechffa, P R, Surwit, E A (1993). Laparoscopy using the left upper quadrant as the primary trocar site. Gynecol Oncol 50, 221–225CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Coda, A, Bossotti, M, Ferri, F et al. (1999). Incisional hernia and fascial defect following laparoscopic surgery. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 9, 348–352CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Connell, R, Cutner, A, Creighton, S (2000). Laparoscopic removal of an ectopic uterus in a patient with Mayer—Rokitansky—Kuster—Hauser syndrome. J Obstet Gynecol 20, 97Google Scholar

Copeland, C, Wing, R, Hulka, J F (1983). Direct trocar insertion at laparoscopy: an evaluation. Obstet Gynecol 62, 655–659Google Scholar

Creighton, S, Minto, C L, Cutner, A (2000). Use of the ultrasonically activated scalpel in laparoscopic resection of a non-communicating rudimentary horn. Gynecol Endosc 9, 327–329CrossRef Google Scholar

Cutner, A, Rymer, J (1998). Patient recovery after laparoscopic colposuspension. Gynecol Endosc 7, 307–308CrossRef Google Scholar

Davydov, S N (1969). Colpopoiesis from the peritoneum of the ueterorectal space. Obstet Gynecol (Moscow) 12, 255–257Google Scholar

Decadt, B, Sussman, L, Lewis, M P N et al. (1999). Randomised clinical trial of early laparoscopy in the management of acute nonspecific abdominal pain. Br J Surg 86, 1383–1386CrossRef Google Scholar

Desa, D J (1975). Follicular ovarian cysts in stillbirth and neonates. Arch Dis Child 50, 45–50CrossRef Google Scholar

Doligin, S E (2000). Ovarian masses in newborn. Semin Pediatr Surg 9, 121–127CrossRef Google Scholar

Dulemba, J, Midgett, W, Freeman, M (1996). Laparoscopic management of a rudimentary horn pregnancy. Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 3, 627–630CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Esposito, C, Garipoli, V, Di Matteo, G, Pasquale, M (1998). Laparoscopic management of ovarian cysts in newborns. Surg Endosc 12, 1152–1154CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Falcone, T, Gidwani, G, Paraiso, M, Beverly, C, Goldberg, J (1997). Anatomical variation in the rudimentary horns of a unicornuate uterus: implications for laparoscopic surgery. Hum Reprod 12, 263–265CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Fedele, L, Busacca, M, Candiani, M, Vignali, M (1994). Laparoscopic creation of a neovagina in Mayer—Rokitansky—Kuster—Hauser syndrome by modification of Vecchietti's operation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 171, 268–269CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

*Fedele, L, Bianchi, S, Zanconato, G, Raffaelli, R (2000). Laparoscopic creation of a neovagina in patients with Rokitansky syndrome: analysis of 52 cases. Fertil Steril 74, 384–389CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Frank, R T (1938). The formation of an artificial vagina without operation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 35, 1053–1055CrossRef Google Scholar

Gans, S L, Berci, G (1971). Advances in endoscopy of infants and children. J Pediatr Surg 6, 199–223CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Gans, S L, Berci, G (1973). Peritoneoscopy in infants and children. J Pediatr Surg 8, 399–405CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Garry, R, Clayton, R, Hawe, J (2000). The effect of endometriosis and its radical laparoscopic excision on quality of life indicators. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 107, 44–54CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Gauwerky, J F H, Wallwiener, D, Bastert, G (1992). An endoscopically assisted technique for construction of a neovagina. Arch Gynecol Obstet 252, 59–63CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Giacalone, P L, Laffargue, F, Faure, J M, Deschamps, F (1999). Ultrasound-assisted laparoscopic creation of a neovagina by modification of Vecchietti's operation. Obstet Gynecol 93, 446–448CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Giatras, K, Licciardi, F, Grifo, J A (1998). Laparoscopy for pelvic pain in the Mayer—Rokitansky—Kuster—Hauser syndrome. J Reprod Med 43, 203–205Google Scholar PubMed

Grapin, C, Montague, J P, Sirinelli, D et al. (1987). Diagnosis of ovarian cysts in the perinatal period and therapeutic implications (20 cases). Ann Radiol 30, 497–502Google Scholar

Grunewald, B, Keating, J, Brown, S (1993). Asynchronous ovarian torsion. The case for prophylactic oopheropexy. Postgrad Med J 69, 318–319CrossRef Google Scholar

Gugliemi, R, Galzavena, F, Pizzi, G B et al. (1980). Ovarian function after pelvic lymphnode irradiation. Eur J Gynecol Oncol 2, 99–107Google Scholar

Hallfeldt, K K, Trupka, A, Kalteis, T, Stuetzle, H (1999). Safe creation of pneumoperitoneum using an optical trocar. Surg Endosc 13, 306–307CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Handa, Y, Hoshi, N, Yamada, H et al. (1999). Tubal pregnancy in a unicornuate uterus with rudimentary horn: a case report. Fertil Steril 72, 354–356CrossRef Google Scholar

Heinonen, P K (1983). Clinical implications of the unicornuate uterus with rudimentary horn. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 21, 145–150CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Heinonen, P K (1997). Unicornuate and rudimentary horn. Fertil Steril 68, 224–230CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Hope, R (1937). The differential diagnosis of ectopic gestation by peritoneoscopy. Surg Gynaecol Obstet 64, 229Google Scholar

Humphrey, G, Najmaldin, A (1994). Modification of Hasson's technique in paediatric laparoscopy. Br J Surg 81, 1319CrossRef Google Scholar

Hurd, W W, Bude, R O, Lancey, J O, Newman, J S (1994). The location of abdominal wall blood vessels in relationship to abdominal landmarks apparent at laparoscopy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 171, 642–646CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Jacobson, T Z, Barlow, D H, Garry, R, Koninckx, P (2001). Laparoscopic surgery for pelvic pain associated with endometriosis (Cochrane Review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4, CD001300CrossRef Google Scholar

Jarrett, J C II (1990). Laparoscopy: direct trocar insertion without pneumoperitoneumObstet Gynecol 75, 725–727Google Scholar PubMed

Jones, K D, Sutton, C J (2002). The ovarian endometrioma: why is it so poorly managed? Indicators from an anonymous survey. Hum Reprod 17, 845–849CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Kadir, R A, Hart, J, Nagele, F, O'Connor, H, Magos, A L (1996). Laparoscopic excision of a noncommunicating rudimentary uterine horn. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 103, 371–372CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Koh, C H, Janik, G M (1999). Laparoscopic microsurgery: current and future status. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 11, 401–407CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Krasna, I H, Lee, M I, Smilour, P, Sciorra, L, Eirman, L (1992). Risk of malignancy in bilateral streak gonads: The role of the Y-chromosome. J Pediatr Surg 27, 1376–1380CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Kriplani, A, Relan, S, Mittal, S, Buckslee, K (1995). Pre-rupture diagnosis and management of rudimentary horn pregnancy in the first trimester. Eur J Obstet Gynaecol Reprod Biol 58, 203–205CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Lee, C-L, Wang, C-J, Liu, Y-H, Yen, C-F, Lai, Y-L, Soong, Y K (1999). Laparoscopically assisted full thickness graft for reconstruction in congenital agenesis of vagina and uterine cervix. Hum Reprod 14, 928–930CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Lushbaugh, C C, Casarett, G W (1976). The effects of gonadal irradiation in clinical radiation therapy: a review. Cancer 37, 1111–11203.0.CO;2-E>CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Luzzatto, C, Midrio, P, Toffolutti, T, Suma, V (2000). Neonatal ovarian cysts: management and follow up. Paediatr Surg Int 16, 56–59CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Mahmood, T A, Templeton, A (1990). The impact of treatment on the natural history of endometriosis. Hum Reprod 5, 965–970CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

McCarthy, E (1999). A case report and review of pregnancies in rudimentary noncommunicating uterine horns. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynecol 39, 188–190CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

McIndoe, A (1950). The treatment of congenital absence and obliterative condition of vagina. Br J Plast Surg 2, 254–267Google Scholar

Meirow, D, Fasouliotis, S J, Nugent, D, Schenker, J G, Gosdon, R G, Rutherford, A J (1999). A laparoscopic technique for obtaining ovarian cortical biopsy specimens for fertility conservation in patients with cancer. Fertil Steril 71, 948–951CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Moen, M H (1995). Why do women develop endometriosis and why is it diagnosed?Hum Reprod 10, 8–11CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Mohammed, A, Jibril, A, Youngson, G (1998). Laparoscopic management of a large ovarian cyst in the neonate. Surg Endosc 12, 1272–1274CrossRef Google Scholar

Montz, F J, Holschneider, C H, Munro, M G (1994). Incisional hernia following laparoscopy: a survey of the American Association of Gynecologists and Laparosiopists. Obstet Gynecol 84, 881–884Google Scholar

Nahum, G G (1997). Rudimentary uterine horn pregnancy. A case report on surviving twins delivered eight days apart. J Reprod Med 42, 525–532Google Scholar PubMed

Najmaldin A, Grousseau D (1999). Basic Technique. In Endoscopic Surgery in Children, Bax N M A, Georgeson K E, Najmaldin A S, Valla J S, eds., pp. 14–34. Springer Verlag, BerlinCrossRef

Najmaldin A, Guillou P (1998). A Guide to Laparoscopic Surgery. Najmaldin A, Guillou P, eds. Blackwell Science, London

Neely, M R, McWilliams, R, Makhlouf, H A (1975). Laparoscopy: routine pneumoperitoneum via the posterior fornix. Obstet Gynecol 45, 459–460Google Scholar PubMed

Nezhat, C R and Smith, K S (1999). Laparoscopic management of unicornuate uterus with two cavitated, non-communicating rudimentary horns. Hum Reprod 14, 1965–1968CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Nezhat, F, Nezhat, C, Bess, O, Nezhat, C H (1994). Laparoscopic amputation of a noncommunicating rudimentary horn after a hysteroscopic diagnosis: a case study. Surg Laparosc Endosc 2, 155–156Google Scholar

O'Connor, H, Magos, A (1996). Endometrial resection for the treatment of menorrhagia. N Engl J Med 335, 151–156CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Olive, D L, Henderson, D Y (1987). Endometriosis and Mullerian abnormalities. Obstet Gynecol 69, 412–415Google Scholar

Olsen, M M, Caldamore, A A, Jackson, C L et al. (1988). Gonadoblastoma in infancy: indications for early gonadectomy in 46XY gonadal dysgenesis. J Pediatr Surg 23, 270–271CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Ota, H, Tanaka, J-I, Murakami, M et al. (2000). Laparoscopy-assisted Ruge procedure for the creation of a neo-vagina in a patient with Mayer—Rokitanski—Kuster—Hauser syndrome. Fertil Steril 73, 641–644CrossRef Google Scholar

Pasic, R, Levine, R L, Wolf, W M Jr (1999). Laparoscopy in morbidly obese patients. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 6, 307–312CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Pasini, A, Alfieri, L, Belloni, C (2001). Spontaneous ectopic contralateral pregnancy with unicornuate uterus. A case report. Minerva Ginecol 53, 215–218Google Scholar PubMed

Perrotin, F, Betrand, J, Body, G (1999). Laparoscopic surgery of unicornuate uterus with rudimentary horn. Hum Reprod 14, 931–933CrossRef Google Scholar

*Redwine, D B (1991). Conservative laparoscopic excision of endometriosis by sharp dissection: life table analysis of reoperation and persistent or recurrent disease. Fertil Steril 56, 628–634CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Raheja, S K, McDonald, P J, Taylor, I (1990). Nonspecific abdominal pain: an expensive mystery. J Roy Soc Med 88, 10–11CrossRef Google Scholar

Rock, J A, Schlaff, W D (1985). The obstetric consequences of uterovaginal anomalies. Fertil Steril 43, 681–691Google Scholar PubMed

Rosenfield, R L, Lucky, A W, Allen, T D (1980). The diagnosis and management of intersex. Curr Probl Pediatr 10, 1–66CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Ruge, E (1914). Ersatz der vagina durch die flexur mittels laparotomie. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 40, 120–122CrossRef Google Scholar

Rutherford, A J, Gosdon, R G (1999). Ovarian tissue cryopreservation: a practical option?Acta Paediatr Suppl 88, 13–18CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Salky, B A (1988). The role of laparoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of abdominal pain syndrome. Surg Endosc 12, 911–914CrossRef Google Scholar

Sapin, E, Bargy, F, Lewin, F et al. (1994). Management of ovarian cyst detected by prenatal ultrasounds. Eur J Pediatr Surg 4, 137–140CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Semm, K (1970). Weitere Entwicklungen in der gynäkologischen Laparoskopie-Gynäkologische Pelviskopie. Klin Frauenheilk Geburt 1, 326–329Google Scholar

Shalet, S M, Beardwell, C G, Morris-Jones, P H, Pearson, D, Orrell, D H (1976). Ovarian failure following abdominal irradiation in childhood. Br J Cancer 33, 655–658CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Shellhas, H F (1974). Malignant potential of dysgenetic gonad. Obstet Gynecol 44, 298–309Google Scholar

Silber, C G, Magness, R L, Farber, M (1990). Duplication of the uterus with a noncommunicating functioning uterine horn. Mt Sinai J Med 57, 374–377Google Scholar PubMed

Soong, Y K, Chang, F H, Lee, C L, Lai, Y M (1994). Vaginal agenesis treated by laparoscopically assisted neovaginoplasty. Gynecol Endosc 3, 217–220Google Scholar

*Soong, Y K, Chang, F H, Lai, Y M, Lee, C L, Chou, H H (1996). Results of modified laparoscopically assisted neovaginoplasty in 18 patients with congenital absence of vagina. Hum Reprod 11, 200–203CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

String, A, Berber, E, Foroutani, A, Macho, J R, Pearl, J M, Siperstein, A E (2001). Use of the optical access trocar for safe and rapid entry in various laparoscopic procedures. Surg Endosc 15, 570–573CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Tabata, M, Ichineok, , Sakuragi, N, Shina, Y, Yamaguchi, T, Mabuchi, Y (1987). Incidence of ovarian metastasis in patients with cancer of the uterine cervix. Gynecol Oncol 28, 255–261CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Templeman, C L, Hertweck, S P, Levine, R L, Reich, H (2000). Use of laparoscopically mobilised peritoneum in the creation of a neovagina. Fertil Steril 74, 589–592CrossRef Google Scholar

Thibaud, E, Ramirez, M, Brauner, R et al. (1992). Presentation of ovarian function by ovarian transposition performed before pelvic irradiation during childhood. J Pediatr 121, 880–885CrossRef Google Scholar

Linden, P J, (1996). Theories on the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Hum Reprod 11(Suppl 3), 53–65CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Niekerk, W A (1976). True hermaphroditism: an analytic review with a report of 3 new cases. Am J Obstet Gynecol 126, 890–907CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Vecchietti, G (1965). Neovagina nella sindrome di Rokitansky—Kuster—Hauser. Attual Obstet Ginecol 11, 131–147Google Scholar

Vermesh, M, Silva, P D, Rosen, G F, Stein, A L, Fossum, G T, Sauer, M V (1989). Management of unruptured ectopic gestation by linear salpingostomy: a prospective, randomized clinical trial of laparoscopy versus laparotomy. Obstet Gynecol 73, 400–404Google Scholar PubMed

Vernon, M W, Beard, J S, Graves, K, Wilson, E A (1986). Classification of endometriotic implants by morphologic appearance and capacity to synthesize prostaglandin F. Fertil Steril 46, 801–806CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Veronikis, D K, McClure, G B, Nichols, D H (1997). The Vecchietti operation for constructing a neovagina, indications, instrumentation, and techniques. Obstet Gynecol 90, 301–304CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Eye Corleta, H, Villodre, L C, Reis, R, Capp, E (2001). Conservative treatment for a noncommunicating rudimentary uterine horn. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 80, 668CrossRef Google Scholar

Rokitansky, C (1860). Ueber uterusdrusenneubildung in Uterus and Ovarilsarcomen. Z Gesellschaft Aerzte Wien (van der Linden PJ) 37, 577–593Google Scholar

Waldschmidt, J, Schier, F (1992). Laparoscopical surgery in neonates and infants. Eur J Pediatr Surg 1: 145–150CrossRef Google Scholar

Wolfe, W M, Pasic, R (1990). Transuterine insertion of Veress needle in laparoscopy. Obstet Gynecol 75, 456–457Google Scholar PubMed

Yahata, T, Kurabayashi, T, Ueda, H, Kodama, S, Chihara, T, Tanaka, K (1998). Laparoscopic management of rudimentary horn pregnancy: a case report. J Reprod Med 43, 223–226Google Scholar PubMed

Yoo, E H, Chun, S H, Woo, B H (1999). Laparoscopic resection of a rudimentary horn pregnancy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 78, 167–168Google Scholar PubMed

Book contents

12 - Laparoscopic techniques

Summary

Access options

References

Save book to Kindle

Save book to Dropbox

Save book to Google Drive