Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of figures
- List of tables
- List of contributors
- Acknowledgements
- 1 What's unique about immigration in Europe?
- 2 Europe's immigration challenge in demographic perspective
- 3 Migration into OECD countries 1990–2000
- 4 Divergent patterns in immigrant earnings across European destinations
- 5 Economic consequences of immigration in Europe
- 6 Occupational status of immigrants in cross-national perspective: A multilevel analysis of seventeen Western societies
- 7 Immigrants, unemployment, and Europe's varying welfare regimes
- 8 How different are immigrants? A cross-country and cross-survey analysis of educational achievement
- 9 Immigration, education, and the Turkish second generation in five European nations: A comparative study
- 10 Managing transnational Islam: Muslims and the state in Western Europe
- 11 Migration mobility in European diasporic space
- 12 The new migratory Europe: Towards a proactive immigration policy?
- 13 European immigration in the people's court
- 14 The politics of immigration in France, Britain, and the United States: A transatlantic comparison
- 15 “Useful” Gastarbeiter, burdensome asylum seekers, and the second wave of welfare retrenchment: Exploring the nexus between migration and the welfare state
- 16 The European Union dimension: Supranational integration, free movement of persons, and immigration politics
- 17 The effectiveness of governments’ attempts to control unwanted migration
- Index
- References
7 - Immigrants, unemployment, and Europe's varying welfare regimes
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 23 June 2009
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of figures
- List of tables
- List of contributors
- Acknowledgements
- 1 What's unique about immigration in Europe?
- 2 Europe's immigration challenge in demographic perspective
- 3 Migration into OECD countries 1990–2000
- 4 Divergent patterns in immigrant earnings across European destinations
- 5 Economic consequences of immigration in Europe
- 6 Occupational status of immigrants in cross-national perspective: A multilevel analysis of seventeen Western societies
- 7 Immigrants, unemployment, and Europe's varying welfare regimes
- 8 How different are immigrants? A cross-country and cross-survey analysis of educational achievement
- 9 Immigration, education, and the Turkish second generation in five European nations: A comparative study
- 10 Managing transnational Islam: Muslims and the state in Western Europe
- 11 Migration mobility in European diasporic space
- 12 The new migratory Europe: Towards a proactive immigration policy?
- 13 European immigration in the people's court
- 14 The politics of immigration in France, Britain, and the United States: A transatlantic comparison
- 15 “Useful” Gastarbeiter, burdensome asylum seekers, and the second wave of welfare retrenchment: Exploring the nexus between migration and the welfare state
- 16 The European Union dimension: Supranational integration, free movement of persons, and immigration politics
- 17 The effectiveness of governments’ attempts to control unwanted migration
- Index
- References
Summary
Introduction
Both immigration and immigrants have been high on the political agenda in many European countries for a few decades. In recent years the tone of these debates has become harsher and more negative towards immigrants, and we have observed a tightening of policies related to immigration and immigrants. Arguably, the main policy consequence of these actions has been a decrease in social rights for immigrants and asylum seekers, while refugees' social rights have remained strong in most rich nations. Prior to this period, immigration scholars (Soysal 1994; Guiraudon 2000) had observed an expansion of immigrants' social rights.
The focus of this chapter is on outcomes for immigrants in six countries that are characterized by different welfare settings: Canada, Germany, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The inclusion of Canada and the United States in the analysis offers some broader comparative perspective on European experiences. The central theme of this chapter is the relation between welfare states and outcomes for immigrants in the socio-economic domain, with a focus on poverty and labor market participation. In the chapter, I compare outcomes for immigrants with outcomes for the non-immigrant population, and attempt to estimate the distance between the two groups. Large differences between the two groups can be considered an indicator of failing integration in the socio-economic domain (see also chapter 15 here).
The second part of the chapter addresses the consequences of weak labor market attachment and examines the relationship between unemployment and poverty.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Immigration and the Transformation of Europe , pp. 172 - 199Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2006
References
1999 “The Welfare Modelling Business.” Social Policy and Administration 33 (4) (December): 394–415.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banting, Keith 2000 “Looking in Three Directions: Migration and the European Welfare State in Comparative Perspective,” in Immigration and Welfare: Challenging the Borders of the Welfare State, and (eds). London: Routledge, 13–33CrossRef
1998 “The Incomes of Ethnic Minorities.” ISER Report 98–1. Colchester: Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex. NovemberGoogle Scholar
Blume, Kræn, Björn Gustafsson, Peder J. Pedersen and Mette Verner 2003 “A Tale of Two Countries: Poverty among Immigrants in Denmark and Sweden since 1984.” WIDER Discussion Paper No 2003/36. Helsinki: United Nations University, World Institute for Development Economics Research, April. www.wider.unu.edu/publications/dps/dps2003/dp2003–36.pdf
2003 “Age and Gender Differences in Labor-Force Participation and Employment,” in Post-Industrial Labour Markets: Profiles of North America and Scandinavia, and (eds). London: RoutledgeGoogle Scholar
and 2003 Post-Industrial Labour Markets: Profiles of North America and Scandinavia. London: RoutledgeGoogle Scholar
and 2000 Immigration and Welfare: Challenging the Borders of the Welfare State. London: RoutledgeGoogle Scholar
1999 “Immigration and Welfare Magnets.” Journal of Labor Economics 17 (4, Part 1) (October): 607–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Büchel, Felix and Joachim R. Frick 2003 “Immigrants’ Economic Performance across Europe: Does Immigration Policy Matter?” EPAG Working Paper 2003–42. Colchester: European Panel Analysis Group, University of Essex. www.iser.essex.ac.uk/epag/pubs/workpaps/pdf/2003-42.pdf
Craig, Gary 1999 “‘Race,’ Social Security and Poverty,” in Introduction to Social Security: Policies, Benefits, and Poverty, (ed). London: Routledge, 206–26
(ed) 1999 Introduction to Social Security: Policies, Benefits, and Poverty. London: RoutledgeGoogle Scholar
Faist, Thomas 1996 “Immigration, Integration and the Welfare State,” in The Challenge of Diversity: Integration and Pluralism in Societies of Immigration, , , and (eds). Aldershot: Avebury, 227–50
Faist, Thomas 1998 “Immigration, Integration und Wohlfartsstaaten. Die Bundesrepublik Deutschland in vergleichender Perspektive,” in Migration in nationalen Wohlfahrtsstaaten: theoretische und vergleichende Untersuchungen, and (eds). Osnabrück: Universitätsverlag Rasch
1996 “The ‘Southern Model’ of Welfare in Social Europe.” Journal of European Social Policy 6(1): 17–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Förster, Michael 1994 “Family Poverty and the Labor Market.” Luxembourg Income Study Working Paper No 114. Syracuse, NY: Center for Policy Research, Syracuse University, July
(ed) 2004 Resisting Marginalization: Unemployment Experience and Social Policy in the European Union. Oxford: Oxford University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (eds) 2000 Welfare Regimes and the Experience of Unemployment in Europe. Oxford: Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar
, , and 1999 The Real Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar
, and (eds) 2002 Changing Labour Markets, Welfare Policies and Citizenship. Bristol: Policy PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar
and 1998 “The Paradox of Redistribution and Strategies of Equality: Welfare State Institutions, Inequality, and Poverty in the Western Countries.” American Sociological Review 63(5): 661–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1992 “Towards a European Welfare State? On Integrating Poverty Regimes into the European Community,” in Social Policy in a Changing Europe, and (eds). Frankfurt-am-Main: Campus Verlag, 245–79Google Scholar
2004 Welfare for the Unemployed in Britain and Germany: Who Benefits? Cheltenham: Edward ElgarCrossRefGoogle Scholar
and (eds) 1997 Ethnic Minorities in Britain: Diversity and Disadvantage. London: Policy Studies InstituteGoogle Scholar
OECD 2000 Employment Outlook 2000. Paris: OECD
2002 Parallel Lives? Poverty among Ethnic Minority Groups in Britain. London: Child Poverty Action Group (CPAG)Google Scholar
1987 The Possibility of Politics: A Study in the Political Economy of the Welfare State. Oxford: Clarenden PressGoogle Scholar
and (eds) 2002 Labour Market and Social Protection Reforms in International Perspective: Parallel or Converging Tracks?Aldershot: AshgateGoogle Scholar
Saunders, Peter 1994 “Immigrants and the Distribution of Income: National and International Comparisons.” Luxembourg Income Study Working Paper No 123. Syracuse, NY: Center for Policy Research, Syracuse University, December
1993 Pkulturens slagmark: mindretal og st⊘rretal om Danmark. Esbjerg: Sydjysk UniversitetsforlagGoogle Scholar
Smeeding, T. M. 2006 “Government Programs and Social Outcomes: The United States in Comparative Perspective,” in Poverty, Public Policy, and the Distribution of Income, , and (eds). New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 149–218Google Scholar
1994 Limits of Citizenship: Migrants and Postnational Membership in Europe. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago PressGoogle Scholar
Systeme d'Observation Permanente sur les Migrations (SOPEMI) 2004 Trends in International Migration: SOPEMI – 2003 Edition. Annual report, 2003 edn, OECD Emerging Economies. Paris: OECD
- 5
- Cited by