Chapter 16 is an extended epilogue to the book. It sketches a loose, imaginative picture of possible biological, cultural and technological developments in the near and distant future using a combination of genetic and cultural evolutionary arguments. This involves extended attention for science and technology, cultures and religions, and economic and political systems, as well as their interaction. In line with insights from Chapters 14 and 15, it is argued that the relationship of humans and the biosphere will further change and involve evolutionary adaptations on both sides. Using insights from science as well as science fiction, a wealth of ideas is offered on how humans might evolve in the future, both on Earth and beyond, under the influence of combined technological, institutional and global environmental changes. To understand such long-term patterns — and solve various pressing challenges for humanity along the way — the contribution from an evolutionary approach to the social and policy sciences is argued to be indispensable.