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5 - Piers Plowman and the Blood of Brotherhood

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2020

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Summary

“Is that Iesus the ioustare,” quod Y, “that Iewes dede to dethe?

Or is hit Peres the Plouhman! Who paynted hym so rede?”

Quod Conscience, and knelede tho. “This aren [his] armes–

His colours and his cote armure; ac he that cometh so blody

Is Crist with his croes, conquerour of Cristene.”

(“Is that Jesus the jouster” I said, “whom the Jews put to death?

Or is it Piers the Plowman? Who painted him so red?”

Then Conscience said, kneeling down, “These are his arms,

His colors and his coat of arms; but the one who comes so bloody

Is Christ with his cross, conqueror of Christians.”) (C.21.10– 14)

This excerpt from William Langland's great poem, Piers Plowman, graphically illuminates the title of this chapter. The blood of brotherhood as portrayed in the poem springs from the human blood embodied in the divine person, Jesus Christ, who, at his Incarnation, took on the flesh and blood of human nature while maintaining his godhead. “Peres the Plouhman”— Piers the Plowman— has many manifestations within the poem, but overall, he appears as the human representative of Christ who, in the above quotation, is said to be wearing Piers's “cote armure,” a metaphor for Christ's human form. The scene derives from the biblical narrative of the Passion, and shows Jesus on his way to crucifixion on Calvary. In Christian teaching, the Passion and death of Jesus seal and validate his humanity which he shares with his blood brothers— the rest of humanity. I will argue that, in Langland's scheme, the concept of “blody bretherne”— blood brotherhood between one human being and another— derives its strength and significance from being associated with the blood of Christ. For Wille, the poem's visionary protagonist, a long and tortuous life's journey spent trying to discover “How Y may saue my soule” (How I may save my soul) (C.1.80), leads to the practical understanding that salvation comes, not by human efforts, but by participating fully in the sacraments of baptism and the Eucharist, both of which are intimately connected with the shedding of Christ's blood.

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Chapter
Information
Fluid Bodies and Bodily Fluids in Premodern Europe
Bodies, Blood, and Tears in Literature, Theology, and Art
, pp. 75 - 92
Publisher: Amsterdam University Press
Print publication year: 2019

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