Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-09T14:27:27.822Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 28 - Soft tissue in endocrine disease

from Section III - Anatomical endocrine pathology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 April 2017

By
Brendan Dickson
Edited by
Ozgur Mete  and
Sylvia L. Asa
Ozgur Mete
Affiliation:
University of Toronto
Sylvia L. Asa
Affiliation:
University of Toronto
Get access
Type
Chapter
Information
Endocrine Pathology , pp. 979 - 991
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Rosai, J. Rosai and Ackerman’s Surgical Pathology, 10th edn. Edinburgh: Mosby, 2011.Google Scholar
Goldblum, JR, Folpe, AL, Weiss, SW. Enzinger and Weiss’ Soft Tissue Tumors, 6th edn. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier-Saunders, 2013.Google Scholar
Mayor, R, Theveneau, E. The neural crest. Development 2013;140:2247–2251.Google Scholar
Miettinen, M. Modern Soft Tissue Pathology, Tumors and Non-Neoplastic Conditions. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2010.Google Scholar
Buckingham, M, Bajard, L, Chang, T, Daubas, P, Hadchouel, J, Meilhac, S, et al. The formation of skeletal muscle: from somite to limb. J Anat 2003;202:59–68.Google Scholar
Christ, B, Brand-Saberi, B. Limb muscle development. Int J Dev Biol 2002;46:905–914.Google Scholar
Braun, T, Gautel, M. Transcriptional mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle differentiation, growth and homeostasis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2011;12:349–361.Google Scholar
Relaix, F, Rocancourt, D, Mansouri, A, Buckingham, M. A Pax3/Pax7-dependent population of skeletal muscle progenitor cells. Nature 2005;435:948–953.Google Scholar
Bryson-Richardson, RJ, Currie, PD. The genetics of vertebrate myogenesis. Nat Rev Genet 2008;9:632–646.Google Scholar
Clemente, CF, Corat, MA, Saad, ST, Franchini, KG. Differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts is critically regulated by FAK signaling. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2005;289:R862–870.Google Scholar
Romero, NB, Mezmezian, M, Fidzianska, A. Main steps of skeletal muscle development in the human: Morphological analysis and ultrastructural characteristics of developing human muscle. Handbook Clin Neurol 2013;113:1299–1310.Google Scholar
Kuang, S, Rudnicki, MA. The emerging biology of satellite cells and their therapeutic potential. Trends Mol Med 2008;14:82–91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Soleimani, VD, Punch, VG, Kawabe, Y, Jones, AE, Palidwor, GA, Porter, CJ, et al. Transcriptional dominance of Pax7 in adult myogenesis is due to high-affinity recognition of homeodomain motifs. Dev Cell 2012;22:1208–1220.Google Scholar
Hinz, B, Phan, SH, Thannickal, VJ, Prunotto, M, Desmouliere, A, Varga, J, et al. Recent developments in myofibroblast biology: paradigms for connective tissue remodeling. Am J Pathol 2012;180:1340–1355.Google Scholar
Schweitzer, R, Chyung, JH, Murtaugh, LC, Brent, AE, Rosen, V, Olson, EN, et al. Analysis of the tendon cell fate using Scleraxis, a specific marker for tendons and ligaments. Development 2001;128:3855–3866.Google Scholar
Brent, AE, Schweitzer, R, Tabin, CJ. A somitic compartment of tendon progenitors. Cell 2003;113:235–248.Google Scholar
Pryce, BA, Watson, SS, Murchison, ND, Staverosky, JA, Dunker, N, Schweitzer, R. Recruitment and maintenance of tendon progenitors by TGFbeta signaling are essential for tendon formation. Development 2009;136:1351–1361.Google Scholar
Lejard, V, Blais, F, Guerquin, MJ, Bonnet, A, Bonnin, MA, Havis, E, et al. EGR1 and EGR2 involvement in vertebrate tendon differentiation. J Biol Chem 2011;286:5855–5867.Google Scholar
Berthet, E, Chen, C, Butcher, K, Schneider, RA, Alliston, T, Amirtharajah, M. Smad3 binds Scleraxis and Mohawk and regulates tendon matrix organization. J Orthopaed Res 2013;31:1475–1483.Google Scholar
Ito, Y, Toriuchi, N, Yoshitaka, T, Ueno-Kudoh, H, Sato, T, Yokoyama, S, et al. The Mohawk homeobox gene is a critical regulator of tendon differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010;107:10538–10542.Google Scholar
Bucala, R, Spiegel, LA, Chesney, J, Hogan, M, Cerami, A. Circulating fibrocytes define a new leukocyte subpopulation that mediates tissue repair. Mol Med 1994;1:71–81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bellini, A, Mattoli, S. The role of the fibrocyte, a bone marrow-derived mesenchymal progenitor, in reactive and reparative fibroses. Lab Invest 2007;87:858–870.Google Scholar
Hong, KM, Burdick, MD, Phillips, RJ, Heber, D, Strieter, RM. Characterization of human fibrocytes as circulating adipocyte progenitors and the formation of human adipose tissue in SCID mice. FASEB J 2005;19:2029–2031.Google Scholar
Salvatori, G, Lattanzi, L, Coletta, M, Aguanno, S, Vivarelli, E, Kelly, R, et al. Myogenic conversion of mammalian fibroblasts induced by differentiating muscle cells. J Cell Sci 1995;108:2733–2739.Google Scholar
Rosen, ED, MacDougald, OA. Adipocyte differentiation from the inside out. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2006;7:885–896.Google Scholar
Billon, N, Monteiro, MC, Dani, C. Developmental origin of adipocytes: new insights into a pending question. Biol Cell 2008;100:563–575.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Takashima, Y, Era, T, Nakao, K, Kondo, S, Kasuga, M, Smith, AG, et al. Neuroepithelial cells supply an initial transient wave of MSC differentiation. Cell 2007;129:1377–1388.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, G, Kim, H, Elkabetz, Y, Al Shamy, G, Panagiotakos, G, Barberi, T, et al. Isolation and directed differentiation of neural crest stem cells derived from human embryonic stem cells. Nat Biotechnol 2007;25:1468–1475.Google Scholar
Catalan, V, Gomez-Ambrosi, J, Rodriguez, A, Fruhbeck, G. Role of extracellular matrix remodelling in adipose tissue pathophysiology: relevance in the development of obesity. Histol Histopathol 2012;27:1515–1528.Google ScholarPubMed
Spalding, KL, Arner, E, Westermark, PO, Bernard, S, Buchholz, BA, Bergmann, O, et al. Dynamics of fat cell turnover in humans. Nature 2008;453:783–787.Google Scholar
Tchkonia, T, Thomou, T, Zhu, Y, Karagiannides, I, Pothoulakis, C, Jensen, MD, et al. Mechanisms and metabolic implications of regional differences among fat depots. Cell Metab 2013;17:644–656.Google Scholar
Arey, LB. Developmental Anatomy: A Textbook and Laboratory Manual of Embryology, rev 7th edn. Philadelphia PA: WB Saunders, 1974.Google Scholar
Tang, W, Zeve, D, Suh, JM, Bosnakovski, D, Kyba, M, Hammer, RE, et al. White fat progenitor cells reside in the adipose vasculature. Science 2008;322:583–586.Google Scholar
Tran, KV, Gealekman, O, Frontini, A, Zingaretti, MC, Morroni, M, Giordano, A, et al. The vascular endothelium of the adipose tissue gives rise to both white and brown fat cells. Cell metabolism 2012;15:222–229.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crossno, JT Jr., Majka, SM, Grazia, T, Gill, RG, Klemm, DJ. Rosiglitazone promotes development of a novel adipocyte population from bone marrow-derived circulating progenitor cells. J Clin Invest 2006;116:3220–3228.Google Scholar
Gupta, RK, Arany, Z, Seale, P, Mepani, RJ, Ye, L, Conroe, HM, et al. Transcriptional control of preadipocyte determination by Zfp423. Nature 2010;464:619–623.Google Scholar
Seale, P, Bjork, B, Yang, W, Kajimura, S, Chin, S, Kuang, S, et al. PRDM16 controls a brown fat/skeletal muscle switch. Nature 2008;454:961–967.Google Scholar
Huttunen, P, Hirvonen, J, Kinnula, V. The occurrence of brown adipose tissue in outdoor workers. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1981;46:339–345.Google Scholar
Majka, SM, Barak, Y, Klemm, DJ. Concise review: adipocyte origins: weighing the possibilities. Stem Cells 2011;29:1034–1040.Google Scholar
Szasz, T, Bomfim, GF, Webb, RC. The influence of perivascular adipose tissue on vascular homeostasis. Vascular Health Risk Manag 2013;9:105–116.Google Scholar
Risau, W, Lemmon, V. Changes in the vascular extracellular matrix during embryonic vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Dev Biol 1988;125:441–450.Google Scholar
Pouget, C, Pottin, K, Jaffredo, T. Sclerotomal origin of vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes in the embryo. Dev Biol 2008;315:437–447.Google Scholar
Teixeira, V, Arede, N, Gardner, R, Rodriguez-Leon, J, Tavares, AT. Targeting the hemangioblast with a novel cell type-specific enhancer. BMC Dev Biol 2011;11:76.Google Scholar
Lancrin, C, Sroczynska, P, Stephenson, C, Allen, T, Kouskoff, V, Lacaud, G. The haemangioblast generates haematopoietic cells through a haemogenic endothelium stage. Nature 2009;457:892–895.Google Scholar
Carmeliet, P. Angiogenesis in life, disease and medicine. Nature 2005;438:932–936.Google Scholar
Tavian, M, Zheng, B, Oberlin, E, Crisan, M, Sun, B, Huard, J, et al. The vascular wall as a source of stem cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2005;1044:41–50.Google Scholar
Korthuis, R. Skeletal Muscle Circulation. San Rafael, CA: Morgan & Claypool, 2011.Google Scholar
Benjamin, M, Kaiser, E, Milz, S. Structure-function relationships in tendons: a review. J Anat 2008;212:211–228.Google Scholar
Stecco, C, Macchi, V, Porzionato, A, Duparc, F, De Caro, R. The fascia: the forgotten structure. Ital J Anat Embryol 2011;116:127–138.Google Scholar
Schleip, R, Jager, H, Klingler, W. What is "fascia"? A review of different nomenclatures. J Bodywork Move Ther 2012;16:496–502.Google Scholar
Langevin, HM, Huijing, PA. Communicating about fascia: history, pitfalls, and recommendations. Int J Therc Massage Bodywork 2009;2:3–8.Google Scholar
Morwood, J. Pocket Oxford Latin dictionary, rev edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Martin, EA. Concise Medical Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.Google Scholar
Edwards, DA. The blood supply and lymphatic drainage of tendons. J Anat 1946;80:147–152.Google Scholar
Fenwick, SA, Hazleman, BL, Riley, GP. The vasculature and its role in the damaged and healing tendon. Arthritis Res 2002;4:252–260.Google Scholar
Heaton, JM. The distribution of brown adipose tissue in the human. J Anat 1972;112:35–39.Google Scholar
Giralt, M, Villarroya, F. White, brown, beige/brite: different adipose cells for different functions? Endocrinology 2013;154:2992–3000.Google Scholar
Wronska, A, Kmiec, Z. Structural and biochemical characteristics of various white adipose tissue depots. Acta Physiol 2012;205:194–208.Google Scholar
Kelley, DE, Thaete, FL, Troost, F, Huwe, T, Goodpaster, BH. Subdivisions of subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue and insulin resistance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2000;278:E941–948.Google Scholar
Billon, N, Dani, C. Developmental origins of the adipocyte lineage: new insights from genetics and genomics studies. Stem Cell Rev 2012;8:55–66.Google Scholar
Rajsheker, S, Manka, D, Blomkalns, AL, Chatterjee, TK, Stoll, LL, Weintraub, NL. Crosstalk between perivascular adipose tissue and blood vessels. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2010;10:191–196.Google Scholar
Meijer, RI, Serne, EH, Smulders, YM, van Hinsbergh, VW, Yudkin, JS, Eringa, EC. Perivascular adipose tissue and its role in type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Current Diabetes Rep 2011;11:211–217.Google Scholar
Ham, AW, Leeson, TS. Histology, 4th edn. Philadelphia PA: Lippincott, 1961.Google Scholar
Carpenter, S, Karpati, G. Pathology of Skeletal Muscle. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1984.Google Scholar
Mills, SE. Histology for Pathologists. Philadelphia PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007.Google Scholar
Heffner, RR. Muscle Pathology. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1984.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levy-Marchal, C, Pénicaud, L. Adipose tissue development from animal models to clinical conditions. In Third ESPE Advanced Seminar in Developmental Endocrinology, 2009. Basel: Karger, 2010.Google Scholar
Lie, JT, Stehbens, WE. Vascular Pathology. London: Chapman & Hall Medical, 1995.Google Scholar
Banes, AJ, Donlon, K, Link, GW, Gillespie, Y, Bevin, AG, Peterson, HD, et al. Cell populations of tendon: a simplified method for isolation of synovial cells and internal fibroblasts: confirmation of origin and biologic properties. J Orthopaed Res 1988;6:83–94.Google Scholar
Haraida, S, Nerlich, AG, Wiest, I, Schleicher, E, Lohrs, U. Distribution of basement membrane components in normal adipose tissue and in benign and malignant tumors of lipomatous origin. Mod Pathol 1996;9:137–144.Google Scholar
Arbuthnott, E. Brown adipose tissue: structure and function. Proc Nutr Soc 1989;48:177–182.Google Scholar
Hull, D. The structure and function of brown adipose tissue. Br Med Bull 1966;22:92–96.Google Scholar
Andreeva, ER, Pugach, IM, Gordon, D, Orekhov, AN. Continuous subendothelial network formed by pericyte-like cells in human vascular bed. Tissue Cell 1998;30:127–135.Google Scholar
Armulik, A, Genove, G, Betsholtz, C. Pericytes: developmental, physiological, and pathological perspectives, problems, and promises. Dev Cell 2011;21:193–215.Google Scholar
Matsuoka, LY, Uitto, J, Wortsman, J, Abergel, RP, Dietrich, J. Ultrastructural characteristics of keloid fibroblasts. Am J Dermatopathol 1988;10:505–508.Google Scholar
Sandbo, N, Dulin, N. Actin cytoskeleton in myofibroblast differentiation: ultrastructure defining form and driving function. Transl Res 2011;158:181–196.Google Scholar
Singer, II. The fibronexus: a transmembrane association of fibronectin-containing fibers and bundles of 5 nm microfilaments in hamster and human fibroblasts. Cell 1979;16:675–685.Google Scholar
Eyden, B. The myofibroblast: an assessment of controversial issues and a definition useful in diagnosis and research. Ultrastruct Pathol 2001;25:39–50.Google Scholar
Sbarbati, A, Zancanaro, C, Cigolini, M, Cinti, S. Brown adipose tissue: a scanning electron microscopic study of tissue and cultured adipocytes. Acta Anat 1987;128:84–88.Google Scholar
Justo, R, Oliver, J, Gianotti, M. Brown adipose tissue mitochondrial subpopulations show different morphological and thermogenic characteristics. Mitochondrion 2005;5:45–53.Google Scholar
Goebel, HH, Sewry, CA, Weller, RO, International Society of Neuropathology. Muscle Disease Pathology and Genetics. Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2013.Google Scholar
Mastaglia, FL, Walton, JN. Skeletal Muscle Pathology. 2nd edn. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1992.Google Scholar
Schochet, SS. Diagnostic Pathology of Skeletal Muscle and Nerve. Norwalk, CT: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1986.Google Scholar
Preeyasombat, C, Sirikulchayanonta, V, Mahachokelertwattana, P, Sriphrapradang, A, Boonpucknavig, S. Cushing’s syndrome caused by Ewing’s sarcoma secreting corticotropin releasing factor-like peptide. Am J Dis Child 1992;146:1103–1105.Google Scholar
des Guetz, G, Mariani, P, Freneaux, P, Pouillart, P. Paraneoplastic syndromes in cancer: case 2. Leucocytosis associated with liposarcoma recurrence: original presentation of liposarcoma recurrence. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:2242–2243.Google Scholar
Demicco, EG, Park, MS, Araujo, DM, Fox, PS, Bassett, RL, Pollock, RE, et al. Solitary fibrous tumor: a clinicopathological study of 110 cases and proposed risk assessment model. Mod Pathol 2012;25:1298–1306.Google Scholar
Chmielecki, J, Crago, AM, Rosenberg, M, O’Connor, R, Walker, SR, Ambrogio, L, et al. Whole-exome sequencing identifies a recurrent NAB2–STAT6 fusion in solitary fibrous tumors. Nat Genet 2013;45:131–132.Google Scholar
Hajdu, M, Singer, S, Maki, RG, Schwartz, GK, Keohan, ML, Antonescu, CR. IGF2 over-expression in solitary fibrous tumours is independent of anatomical location and is related to loss of imprinting. J Pathol 2010;221:300–307.Google Scholar
Briselli, M, Mark, EJ, Dickersin, GR. Solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura: eight new cases and review of 360 cases in the literature. Cancer 1981;47:2678–2689.Google Scholar
Zafar, H, Takimoto, CH, Weiss, G. Doege–Potter syndrome: hypoglycemia associated with malignant solitary fibrous tumor. Med Oncol 2003;20:403–408.Google Scholar
Chick, JF, Chauhan, NR, Madan, R. Solitary fibrous tumors of the thorax: nomenclature, epidemiology, radiologic and pathologic findings, differential diagnoses, and management. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2013;200:W238–W248.Google Scholar
Gold, JS, Antonescu, CR, Hajdu, C, Ferrone, CR, Hussain, M, Lewis, JJ, et al. Clinicopathologic correlates of solitary fibrous tumors. Cancer 2002;94:1057–1068.Google Scholar
Jiang, Y, Xia, WB, Xing, XP, Silva, BC, Li, M, Wang, O, et al. Tumor-induced osteomalacia: an important cause of adult-onset hypophosphatemic osteomalacia in China: Report of 39 cases and review of the literature. J Bone Miner Res 2012;27:1967–1975.Google Scholar
Ledford, CK, Zelenski, NA, Cardona, DM, Brigman, BE, Eward, WC. The phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor: why is definitive diagnosis and curative surgery often delayed? Clin Orthopaed Relat Res 2013;471:3618–3625.Google Scholar
Clifton-Bligh, RJ, Hofman, MS, Duncan, E, Sim Ie, W, Darnell, D, Clarkson, A, et al. Improving diagnosis of tumor-induced osteomalacia with gallium-68 DOTATATE PET/CT. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013;98:687–694.Google Scholar
Weidner, N, Santa Cruz, D. Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors. A polymorphous group causing osteomalacia or rickets. Cancer 1987;59:1442–1454.Google Scholar
Kuro, OM. Klotho, phosphate and FGF-23 in ageing and disturbed mineral metabolism. Nat Rev Nephrol 2013;9:650–660.Google Scholar
Folpe, AL, Fanburg-Smith, JC, Billings, SD, Bisceglia, M, Bertoni, F, Cho, JY, et al. Most osteomalacia-associated mesenchymal tumors are a single histopathologic entity: an analysis of 32 cases and a comprehensive review of the literature. Am J Surg Pathol 2004;28:1–30.Google Scholar
Bowe, AE, Finnegan, R, Jan de Beur, SM, Cho, J, Levine, MA, Kumar, R, et al. FGF-23 inhibits renal tubular phosphate transport and is a PHEX substrate. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001;284:977–981.Google Scholar
Shelekhova, KV, Kazakov, DV, Hes, O, Treska, V, Michal, M. Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor (mixed connective tissue variant): a case report with spectral analysis. Virchows Arch 2006;448:232–235.Google Scholar
Bahrami, A, Weiss, SW, Montgomery, E, Horvai, AE, Jin, L, Inwards, CY, et al. RT-PCR analysis for FGF23 using paraffin sections in the diagnosis of phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors with and without known tumor induced osteomalacia. Am J Surg Pathol 2009;33:1348–1354.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×