This chapter addresses the myth that rural America is a relic of history and that rural contributions to society are no longer as critical as they once were. This chapter argues that rural America is the current and future site of essential national amenities and services. These underappreciated rural amenities include agricultural land and clean energy production, as well as rural regions’ status as the national safety net for a society that will need to migrate inland from the coasts where much of the population is concentrated today. The chapter makes the case that agricultural land, clean energy production, and rural infrastructure should be treated as commons resources, stewarded for our society’s collective benefit. Reconceptualizing rural America as a commons helps provide broad normative guidance for the challenging governance task of reconciling local entitlement to rural resources alongside regional and national entitlement to them. The chapter proposes five principles that would help better govern rural America as a more resilient commons, including recognizing more rural work as work in the public interest, building capacity to avoid boom–bust cycles, democratizing rural resources, pursuing racial justice as central to resilience, and recognizing that investing in rural infrastructure benefits society as a whole.

Since the rules of civility are often abandoned for the sake of the goals activists are pursuing, this chapter considers whether these goals – rather than a set of universal rules – might themselves suggest moral constraints. To illustrate this point, I analyze two authors who believe that how one communicates is integrally related to what one actually conveys, and thus morality and effectiveness cannot always be separated. Karlyn Kohrs Campbell argues women must be free to reflect on their own experiences rather than being subjected to authoritative interpretations. Even when done in the name of women’s liberation, telling women how they should feel ironically stifles women’s voices. Thus, a dialogical, consciousness-raising style of communication is integrally related to the pursuit of women’s liberation. Paulo Freire likewise argues that propaganda for the cause of liberation ironically perpetuates oppression. Liberators need to be committed to dialogue because the task of liberation itself demands dialogical engagement.

References to “Weimar” have played an increasingly important role in trying to make sense of the present, and also to mobilize various constituencies. Related to the diagnosis of contemporary political movements as fascist or neo-fascist, there is the question of whether some of the lessons drawn in the postwar period from the failures of Weimar – especially the ones that inspired the creation of the legal toolkit generally known as “militant democracy” – should be central to attempts to defend democracy today. This chapter engages both issues and argues that the toolkit of militant democracy remains valuable in many ways – but that its instruments are often not well suited to dealing with today’s challenges to democracy.

This chapter analyzes HOD up to $\Theta$ in the minimal model of LSA under the assumption that Strong Mouse Capturing (SMC) holds.

Chapter 7 uses a set of criteria developed by Ford’s living systems approach and Sameroff’s developmental science of the nature–nurture issue to evaluate ECT with respect to whether ECT satisfies these criteria for addressing various aspects of high-level functioning and developmental underpinnings of excellence. Using these criteria, ECT can be viewed as a person-centered theory of talent development and human excellence that is quite versatile in its explanatory power vis-à-vis a wide range of talent achievement phenomena. In comparison with existing component and process models of TD, ECT goes beyond the nature–nurture dichotomy in addressing a deeper issue often neglected in the mainstream scientific discourse, the role of evolving individuality through culture. Looking into the future, the main challenge for ECT is how to align with developmental science, and how to form intertheoretical dialogues with other branches of research on developmental diversity (e.g., developmental psychopathology and developmental criminology) as branches of developmental sciences, all concerned with improving human conditions (i.e., use-inspired).

The complex interactions between cognitive control and language ability and those between cognitive control and language proficiency are reviewed first separately and then in relationship to each other, and in association with the development of academic skills and social interactions. Both behavioral and neurophysiological studies suggest that language ability and proficiency modulate the engagement of cognitive control processes, particularly working memory, attention, and interference control. Thus, better language abilities and higher bilingual language proficiencies are associated with superior cognitive control performance, whereas language disorder and low bilingual language proficiency are linked to weaker cognitive control performance. Response inhibition, however, does not show a close link with language skills; children with different language abilities and proficiencies may perform similarly on tasks of response inhibition. Age, prior experience, and variation in task types may all influence these relationships.

N. C. Rana’s explanation, the focus of this chapter, is probably the most radical among the moderate alternative explanations of the CMB. It does not rely on the thermalization of Population III objects’ radiation, but on the thermalization of “normal” starlight at redshifts between 10 and 5. This explanation required strong starburst at these epochs and adequate cosmic dust to thermalize their radiation. A specialist on the latter, Rana modeled elongated metallic dust grains twice in order to achieve sufficient values of thermalization. His explanation avoided both the “horizon problem” and the isotropy problem (as isotropy of matter distribution implies isotropy of light distribution). His rather general model understandably underestimated the influence of small-angular scale fluctuations measured by COBE.

This chapter focuses on recent developments since the 2009 Russian-Ukrainian gas crisis, including the controversies surrounding the Nord Stream 2 pipeline and the consequences for Russian-European energy relations following Russia’s war against Ukraine.

In this introduction to the Handbook of DOHaD and Society, we provide an overview of the biosocial research field of the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD). We first trace the evolution of this interdisciplinary field over the past two decades, charting the historical conditions that have brought DOHaD to a critical moment when the field is at a threshold of interdisciplinary innovation across both life and social sciences. We then discuss the biosocial perspective that DOHaD offers as its central premise and promise, allowing for questions of socio-environmental justice, discrimination, and equity to be centred in science and biomedicine. We explore the challenges that complicate this biosocial agenda in practice and attend to questions of research translation, interdisciplinary collaboration, and the socio-cultural dimensions of DOHaD-based health interventions. We end by highlighting the transformational potential of the DOHaD research paradigm and how this handbook offers a toolkit for robust interdisciplinary research in this field.

This chapter examines Propertius’ poetics of space, particularly as it relates to Roman imperialist rhetoric. Beyond the relatively obvious metapoetic images of height and lowliness, it suggests that Propertius employs a range of other spatial metaphors in his construction of a poetic self-image, drawing notably on the language of boundaries and boundlessness, centre and periphery; here, elegiac poetics capitalises on what the author terms the ‘centrifugal’ and ‘centripetal’ aspects of imperialist discourse, whereby Rome expands to fill the world, but also subsumes or draws in the products and characteristics of all other nations. In his more confident moments, the elegist represents himself not merely as echoing or collaborating with, but as surpassing the achievements of Augustus himself. A similar symbolic rivalry may be seen in Propertius’ self-representation as triumphator; the author links this in turn to the poet’s references to monumental architecture, particularly the ecphrasis of the Temple of Palatine Apollo in 2.31, which may be understood as a figurative monument to the power of poetry, dependent on but not identical with its counterpart in the physical landscape of Rome.

In his oft-cited and still fundamental Criticism in Antiquity (1981), Donald Russell wrote that ancient literary history was ‘very rudimentary by modern standards’. Going far beyond Russell’s brief chapter on the subject, this volume seeks to understand ancient literary history on its own terms. The introduction places the present volume in context by considering how the recent history of modern literary history, both inside and outside the discipline of classics, puts us in a better position to re-evaluate its ancient congener. Embracing a more expansive and less essentialist approach to the objectives and methodology of the modern study of ancient literary history can enable us to approach the ancient study of literary history in a fresh light. In other words, abandoning misconceptions about both ancient and modern literary history is a necessary condition for a full ‘rehabilitation’, as it were, of an often neglected subject within Classical Studies: the Greeks and Romans’ perception, study, and representation of their own literary pasts. The introduction closes by drawing out some of the overarching themes of the volume and provides a short introduction to each chapter.