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2 results

  • Transcriptional regulation of PSA-NCAM mediated neuron–glial plasticity in the adult hypothalamus

  • Jyoti Parkash, Gurcharan Kaur
  • Journal:
    Neuron Glia Biology / Volume 3 / Issue 4 / November 2007
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 June 2008, pp. 299-307
    Print publication:
    November 2007

  • Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)-secreting neurons in mammal's project principally to the median eminence-arcuate (ME-ARC) region where they make contact with basal lamina and open into the pericapillary space of the primary hypophyseal portal plexus. In the present study we report the expression of polysialylated form of neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) on the cell bodies of GnRH-secreting neurons and on glial cells in the medial preoptic area (mPOA) of the hypothalamus in both the proestrous and diestrous phases of cycling rats, using dual immunohistofluorescent staining. Regulation of PSA-NCAM occurs via regulation of PSA biosynthesis by the polysialyltransferase enzyme (PST-1). Therefore, we studied the expression of PST mRNA and GnRH in GnRH-releasing cell bodies by combining fluorescent in situ hybridization with immunohistofluorescence, and expression of PST mRNA in the mPOA using northern blotting. We observed dynamic upregulation of PSA-NCAM on GnRH cell bodies in the proestrous phase, accompanied by enhanced expression of PST-1 mRNA. The present results indicate that PSA-NCAM has a permissive role in the structural remodeling of GnRH neurons. Enhanced expression of mRNA encoding PST-1 in the proestrous phase indicates that the biosynthesis of PSA and, thus, PSA-NCAM is regulated at the transcriptional level.

  • 27 - Role of Schwann cells in peripheral nerve regeneration

  • from Section B3 - Promotion of regeneration in the injured nervous system
    • By Wesley J. Thompson, Section of Neurobiology, School of Biological Sciences, Institutes for Cell and Molecular Biology and Neuroscience, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
  • Edited by Michael Selzer, University of Pennsylvania, Stephanie Clarke, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland, Leonardo Cohen, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, Pamela Duncan, University of Florida, Fred Gage, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego
  • Book:
    Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation
    Published online:
    05 March 2012
    Print publication:
    16 February 2006, pp 487-512

  • Summary

    This chapter considers evidence that Schwann cells, the glial cells of the peripheral nervous system, play a crucial role in guiding and supporting the regeneration of peripheral axons. A role of the endoneurial tubes in guiding regenerating axons to synaptic sites in muscles was indicated by earlier vital imaging experiments. The observations that suggested regenerating axons grew to adjacent synaptic sites by following the processes extended by Schwann cells raised the issue of whether Schwann cells played a similar role in another type of nerve growth that had been extensively described and studied, the phenomenon of terminal sprouting. Several laboratories have examined muscle reinnervation by collecting repeated, vital images of axons, postsynaptic acetylcholine receptors, and Schwann cells. Observations of the reinnervation of frog neuromuscular junctions ultimately lead to the discovery of the crucial synapse-organizing-protein agrin.