Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
  1. Home
  2. Search

Refine search

Refine search

Access:
Content type:
Publication date:
Apply   From and To filters
Subject: Show more
Journals Show more
Publishers: Show more
Societies Show more
Series: Show more
Collections: Show more

Actions for selected content:

Select all | Deselect all
  • View selected items
  • Export citations
  • Download PDF (zip)
  • Save to Kindle
  • Save to Dropbox
  • Save to Google Drive

Save Search

You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
Cancel
×

2 results

  • 4 - Public Finances and Private Interests

  • Christine Shaw
  • Book:
    Reason and Experience in Renaissance Italy
    Published online:
    18 November 2021
    Print publication:
    25 November 2021, pp 103-144

  • Summary

    The sometimes problematic relationship between the private interests of citizens and the public interest of the republic was clearly evident in matters of public finance. The principle that citizens had a duty to pay their taxes was not disputed. There was a perceived connection between enjoying the benefits of eligibility to hold political office and having a duty to pay taxes, and to pay promptly. Taxation raised issues of justice and equity, of a fair distribution of the burden. There was also concern that public moneys gathered with such effort should be administered efficiently and honestly. All the republics identified the protection and promotion of commerce as a matter of public concern. Linked with healthy public revenues, as well as general prosperity, it was seen as fostering the welfare not just of a particular interest group, but of the whole republic.

  • 17 - America:

  • Edited by Larry Neal, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Jeffrey G. Williamson, Harvard University, Massachusetts
  • Book:
    The Cambridge History of Capitalism
    Published online:
    05 March 2014
    Print publication:
    23 January 2014, pp 533-573

  • Summary

    The Middle East region had one of the most vibrant economies in the world from the eighth until the end of the eleventh centuries. This chapter first examines the evolution of institutions in the region in three different areas, land regime, private finance, and public borrowing, to show there were many changes over the millennium from the rise of Islam until the modern era. While these were often in response to the changing circumstances, they also reflected the social structure and prevailing power balances in these societies. The chapter then argues that how towns and urban areas related to the state, how urban areas are included in state policies, and how they influenced the shaping of institutions are the keys to understanding long-term institutional and economic change in the region. The political configuration and the related institutions persisted into the modern era.