The most common research strategy in the literature is to examine simple associations between obesity and depression. Friedman and Brownell published a seminal review examining the psychological correlates of obesity. This chapter summarizes the findings of earlier reviews and presents a more detailed examination of recent research into associations between obesity and depression in both community-based and clinical samples. It also includes tables covering the principal studies in the field since the publication of Friedman and Brownell's review. The chapter focuses on studies of individuals seeking treatment for obesity, although a parallel literature has investigated weight status in clinically depressed individuals. More recent studies of obese patients have generally confirmed the older literature in finding large excesses of lifetime prevalence of depression and current depression as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) or the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI).