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3 results

  • Inequalities in Mental Health in the Spanish Autonomous Communities: A Multilevel Study

  • Kátia B. Rocha, Katherine Perez, Maica Rodriguez-Sanz, Carles Muntaner, Jordi Alonso, Carme Borrell
  • Journal:
    The Spanish Journal of Psychology / Volume 18 / 2015
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    20 May 2015, E27

  • The aim of this study was to analyze inequalities in the prevalence of poor mental health and their association with socioeconomic variables and with the care network in the Autonomous Communities in Spain. A cross-sectional multilevel study was performed, which analyzed individual data from the National Health Survey in Spain (ENS), in 2006 (n = 29,476 people over the age of 16). The prevalence of poor mental health was the dependent variable, measured by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12 > = 3). Individual and contextual socioeconomic variables, along with mental health services in the Autonomous Communities, were included as independent variables. Models of multilevel logistic regression were used, and odds ratios (OR) were obtained, with confidence intervals (CI) of 95%. The results showed that there are inequalities in the prevalence of poor mental health in Spain, associated to contextual variables, such as unemployment rate (men OR 1.04 CI 1.01–1.07; women OR 1.02 CI 1.00–1.05). On the other hand, it was observed that inequalities in the mental health care resources in the Autonomous Communities also have an impact on poor mental health.

  • What maternal factors influence the diet of 2-year-old children living in deprived areas? A cross-sectional survey

  • Iain K Crombie, Kirsty Kiezebrink, Linda Irvine, Wendy L Wrieden, Vivien Swanson, Kevin Power, Peter W Slane
  • Journal:
    Public Health Nutrition / Volume 12 / Issue 8 / August 2009
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    01 August 2009, pp. 1254-1260
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  • Objective

    To investigate the maternal factors associated with poor diet among disadvantaged children.

    Design

    Survey of 300 mothers of 2-year-old children from areas of high deprivation in Scotland (response rate 81 %). A diet quality score was derived from reported consumption of carbohydrates, protein, fruit and vegetables, dairy products and restriction of sugary fatty foods.

    Results

    Most children (85 %) were classified as having a poor quality diet (low diet quality score). Mothers’ general knowledge about healthy eating was high, but did not predict the quality of the children’s diet. Lower frequencies of food preparation and serving, such as cooking with raw ingredients, providing breakfast daily and the family eating together, were also associated with a poorer diet. Regression modelling identified five significant factors. An increased risk of a poor diet was associated with mothers being unlikely to restrict sweets (OR = 21·63, 95 % CI 2·70, 173·30) or finding it difficult to provide 2–3 portions of fruit daily (OR = 2·94, 95 % CI 1·09, 7·95). Concern that the child did not eat enough increased the risk of a poor diet (OR = 2·37, 95 % CI 1·09, 5·16). Believing a healthy diet would help the child eat more reduced the risk of having a poor diet (OR = 0·28, 95 % CI 0·11, 0·74), as did providing breakfast daily (OR = 0·22, 95 % CI 0·05, 0·99).

    Conclusions

    Interventions to improve children’s diet could promote more positive intentions about preparing and serving of foods, particularly of specific meals at which the family eats together. The benefits of these behaviours to the child (improved diet, weight control) should be emphasised.

  • Personal medical services: local organizational developments

  • Geoffrey Meads, Anthony J. Riley, Geoffrey Harding, Yvonne H. Carter
  • Journal:
    Primary Health Care Research & Development / Volume 5 / Issue 3 / July 2004
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    31 October 2006, pp. 193-201
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  • Devolved accountability for primary care has been introduced into the UK through a range of local contracts for personal medical services (PMS) authorized by the 1997 NHS (Primary Care) Act. These four exemplary case studies illustrate the PMS pilot programmes and represent a diversity of emerging organizational developments that appear to be responding effectively to different health care needs and environments. This is particularly apparent at those sites targeting the most marginalized patient groups where interprofessional collaboration and interagency partnerships are characteristic of a new and broader primary health care approach. Elsewhere the PMS pilots retain and indeed may extend some of the more restrictive practices of the conventional primary medical care model. Future policy formulation, therefore, needs to promote flexible management structures and processes which can support, through local contracts, the further development of more comprehensive and population-based primary care.