A fixed-bed reactor has been designed and constructed for ex situ
transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies of heterogeneous catalysts.
The ex situ facility exposes a fully prepared TEM sample on a
grid to actual process conditions (e.g., temperature, pressure, gas
composition, etc.) by placing the grid at the exit section of a
conventional fixed-bed reactor. A unique reactor design allows grid
transfer into the electron microscope and back into the reactor again
under a controlled (inert) environment, thus allowing time-resolved
monitoring of catalyst morphology changes under realistic, well-controlled
conditions. This facility stands completely independent of the TEM. Thus,
no special TEM modifications are required and long-term ex situ
studies do not impact microscope utilization. The utility of the facility
is demonstrated via the oxidation of intermediate size
(∼20–∼80 nm) supported copper particles.