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3 results

  • Chapter 1 - Fads and Fallacies in Science, Medicine, and Psychology

  • Joel Paris, Emeritus Professor of Psychiatry, McGill University, Canada
  • Book:
    Fads and Fallacies in Psychiatry
    Published online:
    16 March 2023
    Print publication:
    23 March 2023, pp 8-19

  • Summary

    This chapter defines fads and fallacies, and relates them to cognitive errors. It discusses broader problems with determining causality in science, and the reasons for the replication crisis in research. Examples of medical and surgical fads, namely chronic fatigue syndrome, chronic pain, and non-evidence-based surgical procedures, are examined. The chapter also discusses the role of the pharmaceutical industry in medical fallacies. It concludes by explaining how fads can be understood in the context of the challenges of chronicity in medicine.

  • Development of the Anger Children’s Cognitive Error Scale and the Anger Children’s Automatic Thought Scale

  • Kohei Kishida, Masaya Takebe, Chisato Kuribayashi, Yuichi Tanabe, Shin-ichi Ishikawa
  • Journal:
    Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy / Volume 50 / Issue 5 / September 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    28 June 2022, pp. 481-492
    Print publication:
    September 2022
  • Background:

    Empirical studies between anger and anger-provoking cognitive variables in children and adolescents are lacking, despite numerous studies on internalising and externalising problems.

    Aim:

    The purpose of this study was to develop new questionnaires for anger-provoking cognitive errors and automatic thoughts, and examine relationships between anger, cognitive errors, and automatic thoughts in children and adolescents.

    Method:

    Participants were 485 Japanese children and adolescents aged 9–15 years old (254 females; average age 12.07; SD = 1.81). They completed the Anger Children’s Cognitive Error Scale (A-CCES) and the Anger Children’s Automatic Thought Scale (A-CATS), which were developed in this study, as well as the Anger Scale for Children and Adolescents and the Japanese version of Short Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale.

    Results:

    Both the A-CCES and the A-CATS had adequate reliability (internal consistency) and validity (face validity, structural validity and construct validity). A hierarchal regression analysis indicated that automatic thoughts were positively and moderately related to anger (β = .37) after controlling for age, gender, anxiety symptoms, cognitive errors and interaction term. Moreover, a mediation analysis indicated that automatic thoughts significantly mediated the relationship between cognitive errors and anger (indirect effect, 0.24; 95% CI: .020 to .036).

    Conclusions:

    This study developed the new questionnaires to assess anger-provoking cognitive errors and automatic thoughts. In addition, this study revealed that automatic thoughts rather than cognitive errors are associated with anger in children and adolescents.

  • Cognitive errors assessed by observer ratings in bipolar affective disorder: relationship with symptoms and therapeutic alliance

  • Ueli Kramer, Guy Bodenmann, Martin Drapeau
  • Journal:
    The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist / Volume 2 / Issue 2 / June 2009
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    01 June 2009, pp. 92-105

  • The construct of cognitive errors is clinically relevant for cognitive therapy of mood disorders. Beck's universality hypothesis postulates the relevance of negative cognitions in all subtypes of mood disorders, as well as positive cognitions for manic states. This hypothesis has rarely been empirically addressed for patients presenting bipolar affective disorder (BD). In-patients (n = 30) presenting with BD were interviewed, as were 30 participants of a matched control group. Valid and reliable observer-rater methodology for cognitive errors was applied to the session transcripts. Overall, patients make more cognitive errors than controls. When manic and depressive patients were compared, parts of the universality hypothesis were confirmed. Manic symptoms are related to positive and negative cognitive errors. These results are discussed with regard to the main assumptions of the cognitive model for depression; thus adding an argument for extending it to the BD diagnostic group, taking into consideration specificities in terms of cognitive errors. Clinical implications for cognitive therapy of BD are suggested.