While the pathogenesis of sudden sensorineural hearing loss is thought to be localised to the cochlea, recent microRNA findings suggest a neuro-topic localisation in some patients. This study distinguishes if neural and non-neural groups differ in hearing recovery.

Neural-type hearing loss was defined as a presenting word recognition score less than 60 per cent, with a word recognition score reduction greater than 20 per cent than expected based on the averaged pure tone audiometry. Hearing recovery was defined as an improvement of greater than or equal to 10 decibels in pure tone audiometric thresholds.

Eight of 12 and 24 of 36 of neural and non-neural hearing loss patients demonstrated hearing recovery, respectively. The affected ear's word recognition score (per cent) change with treatment were different between the neural and non-neural groups (46.9 ± 29.8 vs 3.2 ± 25.8 (p < 0.0001)).

The hearing recovery rate in neural and non-neural hearing loss groups was similar. Patients with neural-type hearing loss demonstrated greater word recognition score recovery post treatment than those in the sensory group.

In decision making regarding the management of vestibular schwannomas, alongside clinical outcomes, an understanding of patient reported health-related quality of life measures is key. Therefore, the aim of this research is to compare health-related quality of life in vestibular schwannoma patients treated with active observation, stereotactic radiotherapy and microsurgical excision.

A cross-sectional study of patients diagnosed with unilateral sporadic vestibular schwannomas between 1995 and 2015 at a specialist tertiary centre was conducted. Patients completed the Penn Acoustic Neuroma Quality of Life questionnaire and handicap inventories for dizziness, hearing and tinnitus.

Of 234 patients, 136 responded (58.1 per cent). Management modality was: 86 observation, 23 stereotactic radiotherapy and 25 microsurgery. Females reported significantly worse dizziness; males reported significantly worse physical disability. Patients less than 65 years old reported significantly worse tinnitus and pain scores. Overall, quality of life was higher in the observation group.

Conservative management, where appropriate, is favourable with higher quality-of-life outcomes in this cohort. This must be weighed against the risks of a growing tumour.

Using Otoplan software, it is possible to measure the cochlea before cochlear implant surgery. Until now, computed tomography (CT) of the cochlea has been necessary for this purpose. The aim of this study was to find out whether measuring the cochlea with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using Otoplan is possible with the same accuracy.

The cochlea of 44 patients of the local cochlear implant centre was measured by Otoplan using high-resolution CT-bone and MRI images, and the determined lengths were compared.

No significant difference was found between the cochlear lengths measured, regardless of whether the length measurement was based on a CT or an MRI data set.

For the determination of cochlear length prior to cochlear implant surgery, MRI images are just as suitable as CT images, therefore CT is not mandatory for length measurement by Otoplan, which could reduce the patient's radiation exposure.

The study aimed to compare ipsilateral and contralateral electrically evoked stapedial reflex thresholds in children with a unilateral cochlear implant surgically implanted either through Veria or posterior tympanotomy approaches.

Forty-nine children using cochlear implants were studied, of whom 27 underwent the Veria approach and 22 underwent the posterior tympanotomy approach. The electrically evoked stapedius reflex thresholds were measured ipsilaterally and contralaterally by stimulating four equally spaced electrodes.

The ipsilateral electrically evoked stapedius reflex threshold was absent in all four electrodes in the children implanted using the Veria approach. However, the ipsilateral electrically evoked stapedius reflex threshold was present in 70 per cent of the children implanted using the posterior tympanotomy approach. The contralateral electrically evoked stapedius reflex threshold was present in most of the children for both surgical approaches.

The presence of the ipsilateral electrically evoked stapedius reflex threshold varies depending on the surgical technique used for cochlear implantation. However, contralateral reflexes are present in the majority of children using cochlear implants, irrespective of the surgical approach.

This study aimed to assess degree of audiovestibular handicap in patients with vestibular schwannoma.

Audiovestibular handicap was assessed using the Hearing Handicap Inventory, Tinnitus Handicap Inventory and Dizziness Handicap Inventory. Patients completed questionnaires at presentation and at least one year following treatment with microsurgery, stereotactic radiosurgery or observation. Changes in audiovestibular handicap and factors affecting audiovestibular handicap were assessed.

All handicap scores increased at follow up, but not significantly. The Tinnitus Handicap Inventory and Dizziness Handicap Inventory scores predicted tinnitus and dizziness respectively. The Hearing Handicap Inventory was not predictive of hearing loss. Age predicted Tinnitus Handicap Inventory score and microsurgery was associated with a deterioration in Dizziness Handicap Inventory score.

Audiovestibular handicap is common in patients with vestibular schwannoma, with 75 per cent having some degree of handicap in at least one inventory. The overall burden of handicap was, however, low. The increased audiovestibular handicap over time was not statistically significant, irrespective of treatment modality.

To evaluate the mental health of paediatric cochlear implant users and analyse the relationship between six dimensions (movements, cognitive ability, emotion and will, sociality, living habits and language) and hearing and speech rehabilitation.

Eighty-two cochlear implant users were assessed using the Mental Health Survey Questionnaire. Age at implantation, time of implant use and listening modes were investigated. Categories of Auditory Performance and the Speech Intelligibility Rating Scale were used to score hearing and speech abilities.

More recipients scored lower in cognitive ability and language. Age at implantation was statistically significant (p < 0.05) for movements, cognitive ability, emotion and will, and language. The time of implant usage and listening mode indicated statistical significance (p < 0.05) in cognitive ability, sociality and language.

Timely attention should be paid to the mental health of paediatric cochlear implant users, and corresponding psychological interventions should be implemented to make personalised rehabilitation plans.

This study aimed to evaluate the sensory processing abilities of adults with acquired hearing loss and determine whether their sensory processing patterns differ from those of the general population and adults with normal hearing.

The study evaluated the sensory processing functions of 30 adults with acquired hearing loss using the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile and compared them with the sensory processing functions of 30 adults with normal hearing.

The results showed that individuals with hearing loss have a significantly higher sensitivity to stimuli related to motion, vision, activity and touch, exhibiting a low-registration sensory pattern and a sensation-avoiding pattern that differed from those of most individuals.

Assessing sensory processing profiles can help identify specific sensory difficulties and inform individualised treatment plans. The study highlights the importance of considering sensory processing patterns in the management of hearing loss to improve overall well-being and quality of life for adults with hearing loss.

To investigate the effects of combination therapy with and without batroxobin, and the frequency of batroxobin use on the prognosis of profound sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

Hearing recovery in the batroxobin group (231 patients) and non-batroxobin group (56 patients) was compared. The correlation between the number of times batroxobin was used and hearing recovery was analysed.

The decrease in hearing threshold and overall improvement rate in the batroxobin group with hearing loss exceeding 100 dB HL was significantly higher than that in the non-batroxobin group. There was no linear correlation between the number of times batroxobin was used and the overall improvement rate. Using batroxobin two to three times achieved a therapeutic effectiveness plateau.

Batroxobin can improve the efficacy of combination therapy for profound sudden sensorineural hearing loss exceeding 100 dB HL, and using batroxobin two to three times yields the maximum overall improvement rate.

Sudden hearing loss is a common presentation to ENT. In the authors’ practice, patients often wait many weeks for formal hearing testing. This study aimed to assess whether a tablet-based hearing test, hearTest, could aid clinical decision-making within secondary care ENT.

This was a multi-centre, prospective, non-randomised study to assess the feasibility, usability and accuracy of hearTest.

In the sample, hearTest was shown to be an acceptable method of testing for hearing loss by both patients and clinicians. The 0.5–4 kHz range had an average clinical agreement rate of 95.1 per cent when compared with formal pure tone audiometry, deeming it an accurate test to diagnose hearing loss.

The authors propose that hearTest can be used within ENT as a clinical decision support tool when manual audiometry is not immediately available. Within the authors’ practice, hearTest is used to aid diagnosis and management of sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

Patients with hearing loss and tinnitus face lengthy waits to be seen in the ENT clinic. SHOEBOX Audiometry is an iPad-based, audiometric screening tool. A virtual hearing loss and non-pulsatile tinnitus clinic involving an ENT specialist virtually assessing cases based on the SHOEBOX audiogram, a patient symptom questionnaire and the primary care referral letter were implemented. This service evaluation explored the outcomes of the virtual clinic in reducing the need for a face-to-face ENT appointment.

This was a retrospective service evaluation of the first six months of the virtual hearing loss and non-pulsatile tinnitus clinic.

A total of 210 patients were included: 34.8 per cent (73) were discharged without requiring audiologist assessment or an ENT appointment, 51.9 per cent (109) required formal audiological assessment, 36.7 per cent (77) required imaging and only 13.8 per cent (29) required a face-to-face ENT appointment.

A virtual hearing loss and non-pulsatile tinnitus clinic minimised the number of patients requiring a traditional face-to-face clinic appointment within ENT.

Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss may be accompanied by dizziness without true vertigo. This study used the video head impulse test to evaluate vestibular function in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss patients who described experiencing dizziness and not true vertigo.

A prospective study was conducted of 30 consecutive patients diagnosed with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss with dizziness without true vertigo. A comparison of the video head impulse test results of the patients who complained of dizziness (symptomatic group) with a group of patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss and no dizziness (asymptomatic) was performed.

Nine patients (30 per cent) were symptomatic. Two of those patients had abnormal video head impulse test findings. Seven patients in the asymptomatic group (7 out of 21, 33 per cent) presented with abnormal video head impulse test results. No significant difference in vestibular function between the two groups was detected by the video head impulse test.

The site of insult in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss without true vertigo is usually limited to the cochlea or the cochlear nerve.

There are currently no guidelines for simultaneous vestibular schwannoma surgery and cochlear implantation. This paper therefore provides our experience and our results regarding predictive parameters of good hearing.

Morphological appearance of the cochlear nerve after tumour resection was used as the main criterion for implantation in the case series. Patients were then divided into responders and non-responders to cochlear implantation, and potential outcome predicting factors were evaluated in the two groups.

Nine of the 16 patients showed a response to cochlear implantation. Pre-surgery serviceable hearing was significantly more common in the responder group, while no difference was found in the two groups for other variables.

This study highlights how the morphological appearance of the cochlear nerve can be useful to predict the hearing outcome and indicates that satisfactory hearing results are closely related to pre-surgery serviceable hearing.

A seasonal trend of patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss may direct research into possible aetiology.

This study reviewed data from the medical records of patients who presented from 2004 to 2019 and who were diagnosed with new-onset idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Seasonal pattern was assessed using chi-square and Rayleigh tests, and further confirmed by Monte Carlo simulation.

The study included 740 patients with a mean age of 48.3 years and a median age of 49 years. There was no statistical evidence for a difference in the distribution of sensorineural hearing loss cases for the four seasons of each year or with the cumulative data. New-onset idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss cases averaged around 11 per month; there was no statistical evidence for a seasonal difference, as determined either by the Rayleigh test or with Monte Carlo simulation.

There was no evidence to support the claim that idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss incidence displays a seasonal pattern. More research is necessary to explore potential external factors such as climate or infection.

This study aimed to compare neural response telemetry and impedance between the round window and cochleostomy approaches for cochlear implantation.

In this case–control study, 64 patients aged less than 3.5 years underwent cochlear implantation via the round window or cochleostomy approach. Post-operative neural response telemetry and impedance were measured.

The impedance measurements at electrodes 1, 11 and 22 showed no significant differences between the two groups three months after implantation (p = 0.90, p = 0.08 and p = 0.37, respectively). Similar results were observed six months after implantation (p = 0.71, p = 0.65 and p = 0.70, respectively). There was no significant difference in neural response telemetry between the two groups after three months. The neural response telemetry of electrode 1 in the cochleostomy group (171.26 ± 19.81 μV) was significantly higher in comparison with that of electrode 1 in the round window group (161.97 ± 12.71 μV) after six months (p = 0.03). The neural response telemetry values for electrodes 11 and 22 did not show any significant difference after six months (p = 0.14 and p = 0.48, respectively).

Both approaches provide equal stimulation of the cochlear nerve and impedance.

Cochlear implant is the standard treatment of choice for children and adults with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss. The main objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding cochlear implant among doctors other than otolaryngologists in a tertiary care academic institution.

A 24-item knowledge, attitude and practices questionnaire was developed based on an extensive literature review and expert opinion and was administered to 100 non-otolaryngologists in a tertiary care academic institution to be completed in about 15 minutes. The data obtained was analysed to assess knowledge, attitude and practices regarding cochlear implant in this group.

The results showed that awareness regarding the option of cochlear implants for elderly and unilateral deafness was deficient. Surgeons and doctors in higher specialties did better when it came to practice related to cochlear implant. The age and experience of doctors also improved knowledge and practice with regards to cochlear implant.

Improving awareness about cochlear implants and their benefits among non-otolaryngology colleagues can ensure that more people who could potentially benefit from cochlear implants will receive appropriate counselling and referral.

To assess the correlation of serum prestin level and audiological findings in adults with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

Audiometry and serum prestin measurements were performed at study entry (T0), at day 14 (end of treatment, T1) and at day 30 (T2).

A total of 25 idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss patients and 25 healthy adults were included. The geometric mean prestin level in the case and control groups at T0 was 227.7 pg/ml and 130.5 pg/ml, respectively. The geometric mean prestin level in the case group demonstrated a downward trend at T1 and T2 (214.0 pg/ml and 180.1 pg/ml, respectively; p < 0.001). Of 17 patients with high baseline prestin levels (over 150 pg/ml), prestin levels tended to decrease in 11 patients, and 5 of them (45.5 per cent) showed good recovery.

The prestin concentrations increased in two-thirds of patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Future work is recommended to determine the location of injury.

Many patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss may seek hearing health information and social support online, although little is known about the online information seeking behaviour.

The present study aimed to examine the discussions around sudden sensorineural hearing loss in Reddit posts.

A total of 526 Reddit posts about sudden sensorineural hearing loss were extracted and analysed using qualitative and quantitative methods.

The content analysis identified eight main categories. Most of the posts were on topics of: sharing personal experiences (34 per cent), describing symptoms (31 per cent), discussing treatment options (36 per cent) and discussing possible causes (19 per cent) of sudden sensorineural hearing loss. The sudden sensorineural hearing loss Reddit posts varied significantly in terms of linguistic variables when compared to baseline Reddit posts. Reddit posts by individuals with sudden sensorineural hearing loss had significantly higher engagement, higher authenticity and made more references to their body when compared to other users.

The study results provide insights that can be helpful for professionals during clinical interactions.

The location of the vertical segment of the facial nerve varies greatly among patients undergoing otological surgery. Its position relative to the incus determines facial recess width, which has implications for ease of cochlear implantation.

To investigate the variation in facial nerve depth, relative to the incus, on pre-operative computed tomography in patients undergoing cochlear implantation.

A retrospective cohort study was conducted of paediatric patients undergoing cochlear implantation at a tertiary referral centre. Distance between the incus short process and facial nerve, in the transverse (medial-lateral) dimension, was measured at six imaging slices, ranging from 1.25 to 7.25 mm below the tip of the incus short process.

Facial nerve depth relative to the incus short process demonstrated significant variability. Among all subjects and at all measurements taken inferior to the incus, the mean dimension between the facial nerve and the incus short process was 1.71 mm.

This paper presents a rapid, repeatable technique to assess the depth of the facial nerve vertical segment on pre-operative computed tomography, as measured relative to the tip of the incus short process. This allows the surgeon to anticipate facial recess width and round window access during cochlear implantation.

This study investigated the characteristics and prognosis of the feeling of ear fullness in patients with unilateral all-frequency sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

Our study included 56 patients with a diagnosis of unilateral all-frequency sudden sensorineural hearing loss accompanied by a feeling of ear fullness and 48 patients without a feeling of ear fullness. The condition of these patients was prospectively observed.

Positive correlations were observed between grading of feeling of ear fullness and hearing loss in patients with a feeling of ear fullness (r = 0.599, p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in the total effective rate of hearing recovery between patients with and without a feeling of ear fullness after one month of treatment (Z = −0.641, p = 0.521). Eighty-six per cent of patients (48 out of 56) showed complete recovery from the feeling of ear fullness. There was no correlation between feeling of ear fullness recovery and hearing recovery (r = 0.040, p = 0.769).

The prognosis of feeling of ear fullness is good. There was no correlation between feeling of ear fullness recovery and hearing recovery for all-frequency sudden sensorineural hearing loss patients.

To compare the measured bone conduction threshold at 3 kHz with the calculated threshold in newly diagnosed sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

A retrospective chart review was conducted of pure tone audiograms in confirmed sudden sensorineural hearing loss cases.

Of 157 patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss, 144 had idiopathic hearing loss, 8 had vestibular schwannoma and 5 had Ménière's disease. The r value for the correlation between the two methods of 3 kHz assessment for all patients was 0.887 (p < 0.001). The mean difference between the measured and calculated 3 kHz thresholds was 0.76 ± 7.96 dB, 0.4 ± 8.08 dB and 1.5 ± 1.8 dB in the sudden sensorineural hearing loss, idiopathic and Ménière's disease groups, respectively. The mean difference between the measured and calculated 3 kHz thresholds was significantly greater in the vestibular schwannoma group (6.86 ± 4.38 dB) than in the idiopathic group (p = 0.013).

The 3 kHz frequency may encompass important audiometric information. A discrepancy between the measured and calculated bone conduction 3 kHz thresholds raises suspicion of an underlying vestibular schwannoma as an aetiology for sudden sensorineural hearing loss, and these thresholds should therefore be measured independently and routinely.