This article examines Canada’s first internet gambling website blocking scheme, which was enacted in Quebec as part of the implementation of the province’s 2015 budget. Using qualitative research methods, the article illustrates the complexities of regulating online gambling. Influenced by critical sociological and anthropological studies of gambling, and taking a socio-legal, governmentality perspective, it shows how socio-legal studies can illuminate research on the regulation of gambling, and how the study of online gambling can, as a sentinel site for the regulation of online consumption, contribute to the development of socio-legal studies. Our analysis shows that the governmentality of online gambling is framed so as to exclude 1) a range of risks (e.g., related to consumer profiling and the capacity to stimulate “addictive consumption”), 2) the heterogeneity of everyday experience that connects online gambling with online addictive consumption more generally, and 3) a range of possibilities for governing online gambling otherwise.

Although Canada's first documented case of COVID-19 appeared in mid-January 2020, it was not until March that messaging about the need to contain the virus heightened. In this research note, we document the use of the media's construction of risk through framing in the early stages of the pandemic. We analyze three dimensions of the health risk narratives related to COVID-19 that dominated Canadians’ concerns about the virus. To capture these narratives, we examine print and online news coverage from two nationally distributed media sources. We assess these frames alongside epidemiological data and find there is a clear link between media coverage, epidemiological data and risk frames in the early stages of the pandemic. It appears that the media relied on health expertise and political sources to guide their coverage and was responsive to the public health data presented to Canadians.

L’amélioration de la prise en charge médicamenteuse est un objectif constant des équipes en charge de la qualité et de la gestion des risques liés aux soins. En psychiatrie, le circuit du médicament concerne à la fois les secteurs intra et extrahospitaliers, pour lequel l’analyse des risques est parfois moins maîtrisée. L’objectif de ce travail est d’établir une cartographie des risques, a priori, du circuit du médicament du secteur extrahospitalier de notre établissement (800 lits) afin d’aboutir à l’élaboration de recommandations pour la sécurisation de ce circuit. Un état des lieux du fonctionnement du circuit du médicament en secteur extrahospitalier a été réalisé en collaboration avec la cellule qualité de janvier à juin 2015 au sein de 11 centres médico-psychologiques et 10 centres et/ou hôpitaux de jour. Les données recueillies lors de cette étude observationnelle ont été analysées selon la méthode AMDEC (analyse des modes de défaillance, de leurs effets, et de leur criticité). Après pondération (construction d’une matrice), les divers circuits ont été modélisés en logigrammes intégrant différents points (conciliation médicamenteuse, conditions de prescriptions, de délivrance, et d’administration) et comportant sept issues potentielles allant de la situation la plus à risque vers la plus sécurisée (pondérée à 100 %). Les étapes du circuit les plus critiques sont l’absence de conciliation, la non-informatisation des prescriptions et l’administration médicamenteuse sans prescription. Dans seulement 2 situations sur 28 (7 %) le circuit extrahospitalier est sécurisé à 100 % et dans 13 cas sur 28 (46 %), un niveau de sécurisation supérieur à 50 % (seuil d’acceptabilité défini) est atteint. Si le choix de la valeur seuil (50 %) et la pertinence d’un tel outil restent critiquables, ce travail préliminaire a permis la mise en évidence des situations les plus à risque, la création d’un groupe de travail pluridisciplinaire et l’élaboration de mesures correctives.

L’adolescence est un passage à haut risque, mais en quoi, pourquoi et pour qui ? Pour le saisir, encore faut-il accéder à l’adolescence, et se mettre à la portée des adolescents, particulièrement exposés aux bouleversements d’une existence en question. Les données culturelles en mouvement (notamment les nouvelles technologies, la prééminence de l’image…) et la nouvelle donne sociétale elle-aussi en pleine mutation avec les injonctions de performance, de normalisation, l’importance du chômage… obligent les adolescents et leurs familles à chercher et trouver de nouveaux repères, non sans mal, non sans conflit, non sans douleur, voire au risque de nouvelles pathologies. Face à l’adolescent, le psychiatre, clinicien et thérapeute, peut-il encore s’adosser à la formation qu’il a reçue et à sa propre expérience d’adolescent ? L’expérience montre qu’il lui faut inventer son approche clinique tout en acceptant de la confronter à celle de ses pairs, au plus près de ce qui se joue dans la rencontre avec l’adolescent. L’exposé précisera les modalités d’invention, de réinvention du soin avec ses aléas, ses risques et ses résultats en fonction des pathologies rencontrées.

Falls in residential long-term care (LTC) facilities continue to be a leading cause of injury for residents and cost for the health care system. Interdisciplinary clinical teams are responsible for assessing risk levels for their residents and developing appropriate care plans and interventions in response. This study compares the predictive accuracy of three separate fall risk assessment tools: the interRAI Falls Clinical Assessment Protocol (CAP), derived from the LTC Facility (LTCF) or Minimum Data Set (MDS) 2.0 assessments; the Scott Fall Risk Screen; and a modified Fall Risk Tool that was implemented as part of a provincial Fall Reduction Strategy in Nova Scotia. To conduct this retrospective cohort study, secondary data were collected from 1,553 LTC residents with interRAI assessments completed between March 1, 2015 and September 29, 2016, across Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. For each resident, data were collected regarding the three fall risk assessments, along with fall incident data for use in sensitivity, specificity, and logistic regression analyses. This study found that although all three tools had limitations with sensitivity or specificity thresholds, the interRAI Falls CAP delivered the highest accuracy with a c-statistic of 0.673, compared with the Scott Fall Risk Screen at 0.529 and the modified Fall Risk Tool at 0.609. When diseases that have been established to be a risk factor for falls were added to the model, the overall accuracy of the interRAI Falls CAP combined with those covariates increased to 0.749. These results suggest that the best practice guidelines for fall risk assessment be revisited, and that the interRAI Falls CAP could potentially be updated to include certain diseases and controls for optimal predictive ability.

After years of pension policy drift in a broader context of global austerity, the Canada Pension Plan (CPP) was enhanced for the first time in 2016 to expand benefits for Canadian workers. This article examines Ontario's central role in these reforms. The deteriorating condition of workplace plans, coupled with rising retirement income insecurity across the province's labour force, generated new sources of negative feedback at the provincial level, fuelling Ontario's campaign for CPP reform beginning in the late 2000s. The political limits of policy drift and layering at the provincial level is considered in relationship to policy making at the national level. As shown, a new period of pension politics emerged in Canada after 2009, in which the historical legacy of CPP's joint governance structure led to a dynamic of “collusive benchmarking,” shaped in large part by political efforts of the Ontario government, leading to CPP enhancement.

Reforms to Canadian sentencing law in 1996 and the Supreme Court of Canada decision R. v. Gladue [1999] opened the door to a new normative set of legal practices that endeavour to integrate racial knowledge about offenders’ collective and individual experiences of race relations and oppression into traditional legal criminal practices. One outcome of the reforms and court cases was the formation of dedicated Gladue courts for Aboriginal peoples. This paper explores the formation of Gladue courts, the legal techniques used to produce contextualized racial knowledges, how this information is admitted as evidence before the court, and how this knowledge is used to reframe legal subjects and the risk they pose.

Social participation, a key determinant of healthy aging, is often negatively impacted by age-related vision loss (ARVL). This grounded theory study aimed to understand social participation as a process negotiated in everyday life by older adults with ARVL. Interviews, audio diaries, and life space maps were used to collect data with 21 older adults in two Ontario cities. Inductive data analysis resulted in a transactional model of the process of negotiating social participation in context. This model depicts how environmental features and resources, skills and abilities, and risks and vulnerabilities transacted with values and priorities to affect if and how social participation occurred within the context of daily life. The findings point to several ways that research and services addressing the social participation of older adults with ARVL need to expand, particularly in relation to environmental features and resources, risk, and the prioritization of independence.

Homelessness among older people is a growing concern across Canada and is expected to rise with demographic change (Crane & Warnes, 2010; Culhane, Metraux, Byrne, Stino, & Bainbridge, 2013). Yet current knowledge, policies, and practices on homelessness largely focus on younger populations. Likewise, research and policies on aging typically overlook homelessness. Responses to homelessness among older people must address complex needs related to health, income security, and housing. Based on a comprehensive literature review, this article outlines the existing and needed research with regards to homelessness among older people. We clarify the intersections of aging and homelessness; review the relevant statistics, including estimated prevalence; discuss pathways and variations in experience; and identify gaps in knowledge. We conclude with a call for an inclusive research agenda that will help build policies and practices to reduce and ultimately to eliminate homelessness among older people in Canada.

The relationship between work and family is considered with an emphasis on policy solutions. Australian policy is a case example in the context of international trends. A mismatch between policy initiatives and familial and personal priorities constitutes a new social risk associated with demographic and sociocultural development. Contemporary trends, both nationally and internationally, evidence solutions to the “problem of demographic aging” by adopting a form of economic instrumentalism. This restricts legitimate age identities to those associated with work and work-related activity. When applied to family life, such a focus runs the risk of reducing policy interest in intergenerational engagement to unpaid care roles, while personal development and age-related life priorities are ignored. The need for cultural adaptation to population aging is becoming accepted in policy debate and is considered here as an effective response to the personal, social, and economic risks of population aging and associated impacts on family life.

Social and economie exchanges often occur between strangers who cannot rely on past behavior or the prospect of future interactions to establish mutual trust. Game theorists formalize this problem in several “one-shot” game – such as the trust game - predicting noncooperation – since the investor is not expecting trustee to reciprocate it is not rationally to invest. Bohnet and Zeckhauser (2004) suggest that, due to betrayal aversion, people seek to avoid situation in which one could be betrayed. We argue that this behavior could emerge also due to regret aversion.

The hidden nature of older adult mistreatment renders its detection in the domestic setting particularly challenging. A validated screening instrument that can provide a systematic assessment of risk factors can facilitate this detection. One such instrument, the “expanded Indicators of Abuse” tool, has been previously validated in the Hebrew language in a hospital setting. The present study has contributed to the validation of the “e-IOA” in an English-speaking community setting in Ontario, Canada. It consisted of two phases: (a) a content validity review and adaptation of the instrument by experts throughout Ontario, and (b) an inter-rater reliability assessment by home visiting nurses. The adaptation, the “Mistreatment of Older Adult Risk Factors” tool, offers a comprehensive tool for screening in the home setting. This instrument is significant to professional practice as practitioners working with older adults will be better equipped to assess for risk of mistreatment.

Cet article discute des limites auxquelles il faut faire face quand la notion de risque devient le facteur-clé dans une évaluation clinique. Ainsi, on présente la capacité de se choisir une place en centre d'accueil, pour illustrer la façon dont le problème est défini. En l'absence de composante évaluative, il est démontré que l'information habituellement recueillie ne peut être utilisée pour évaluer les risques sans y inclure un élément normatif. Une discussion concernant la nature du risque montre que les orientations normatives sont inhérentes à la perception du risque. Les principaux inconvénients, de permettre que les résultats soient étroitement rattachés à la notion de risque, sont de deux ordres: (1) les probabilités des risques ne sont pas connues et (2) les enjeux, chargés de valeurs, demeurent inconnus.

Elderly adults often pose, or are perceived to pose, a risk to themselves or others. Others often also have the will, and sometimes the ability, to intervene in their lives: to take them from their homes, force medical treatment on them, and prevent them from spending their money as they see fit. Thus the question “To what extent, and for what purposes, can others interfere with the liberty of the individual?” takes on particular relevance for elderly adults. This is the question John Stuart Mill addressed in his essay On Liberty, and our aim is to adapt his theory of liberty to guide those who must make decisions about the old. We argue that individuals can be interfered with in their own interest and in the interest of others. It is apt to interfere in their own interest if and only if they are putting themselves at significant risk, are encumbered, i.e. are incompetent or subject to some other judgement-distorting condition, and interference will be: (a) effective, (b) not generative of evils greater than those it prevents, (c) the mildest possible to curb the evil, (d) not discriminatory, and (e), unless the interference has utility approaching absolute necessity, thought justified. It is apt to interfere in the interest of others if and only if they are putting others at significant risk and the same five conditions are satisfied. As we hope our adaptation of Mill's theory of liberty will have practical effect, we illustrate it with examples, relate it to the law in British Columbia, and state it in the form of a decision-tree.

To simplify and improve the effectiveness of human trypanosomosis control efforts as well as reduce their cost, it is desirable to identify high-risk sites for transmission of trypanosomes by tsetse flies to humans. The authors propose a simplification of the risk index previously developed by Laveissière et al. (1994). The simplified index has been developed in Côte d'Ivoire and validated in Cameroon. Unlike the old index which required determination of the flies' daily survival rate, the calculation of this new index requires only the knowledge of the proportions of teneral flies and of flies that have fed on human blood, from the population caught in the various biotopes.

Nous proposons d’étudier dans un modèle à deux secteurs de production, les effets d’une incertitude portant sur la qualité de l’environnement sur les comportements de choix de portefeuille et d’épargne des agents. Nous supposons que les individus investissent dans les firmes par l’intermédiaire de groupes d’investissement. Nous montrons, alors qu’à l’équilibre macroéconomique, un accroissement de risque peut conduire à une diminution du stock de capital et favoriser les firmes à effet certain sur l’environnement. Ces résultats dépendent des effets de la pollution sur la consommation et des comportements de précaution des individus.

Fisheries can be characterized as a network of interactions between natural and social systems, and thus should be viewed as complex, dynamic systems. Due to the multiplicity of components and processes, the involvement of various disciplines is required to understand the inter-relationships within and between the systems, and more so to adequately address management issues that typically affect several elements in the systems. To be successful, multidisciplinary approaches require mutual understanding of the perspectives, concepts, vocabulary and methods held by various disciplines, and agreement on the objects to be studied in common. In that spirit, at framework is suggested whereby fisheries systems are decomposed into related sub-systems that can be recognized by both Social and Life Sciences. Some key concepts attached to cach module and to its interactions with the others are identified, and may be starting points for dialogue and common undertakings by various disciplines, with a view to improving our understanding of the dynamics of the whole system.

The paper analyses the extent to which ticks and tick-borne diseases, particularly East Coast Fever (ECF), are an economic problem in Kenya. It qualitatively argues that several socio-economic factors, viz. inadequate information, indivisibility of the main tick control facilities, externalities, and risk make individual farmers undertake less control efforts than is optimal for the society. This fact is used to justify a more active role for the state in tick control efforts. A simple regression model that tests the impact of ECF on the cattle breed portfolio in the country is presented.