I turn to analyze three passages on prophethood from the two Manichaean codices known as the Kephalaia. I suggest that kephalaia are rhetorical-literary units and must be contextualized alongside other contemporary developments. I first turn to the “Introduction” to the Kephalaia, which features Mani recounting his travels around the Sasanian Empire. Rather than mining this for historical data, I argue that the whole point of this peculiar rendition of Mani’s life is to naturalize the form of the two codices of Kephalaia as anthologies, thus showing each kephalaion to be a discrete shard of Mani’s single revelation. I next argue that the so-called “Chain of Prophets” in the first kephalaion is an argument against prevailing Christian notions for a single glorious “Apostolic Age” in the past. Rather than a single Apostolic past, this kephalaion argues that God sends apostles regularly to provide humanity with a way to salvation. In the final section of this chapter, I show how another kephalaion is invested in Sasanian Imperial vision of geography and space, thus bridging the gap between the Sasanian Empire as an institution and the Manichaeans who live within it.

In the next three chapters, I argue that conceptions of “prophethood” cannot be separated from the specific rhetorical contexts in which they are articulated. In this chapter, I argue that “prophethood” as found in Baraies the Teacher’s homily in the Cologne Mani Codex shows that “Manichaeism” had not yet “parted ways” from its earlier “Jewish Christian” and “Elchasaite roots” since Baraies invents a new concept of prophethood designed to graft Mani into an already existing Elchasaite history. I show that Baraies’ notion of prophethood is new because he is responding to a problem that never arose in Mani’s lifetime, and, he cites from Mani’s own books, but none of them say what Baraies wants him to say. If Baraies is trying to demonstrate to his opponents that Mani should be included in prior history, then we cannot yet say that the two religions had definitively parted ways, only that Mani continued to be a point of contention within an already-existing community. Prophethood is thus a rhetorical tool for Baraies to make his argument, which is ultimately over who are the stewards of Elchasaite history and its true spokespeople.