Treatment recommendations for mental health are often founded on diagnosis-specific models; however, there are high rates of co-morbidity of mental health presentations and growing recognition of the presence of ‘transdiagnostic processes’ (cognitive, emotional or behavioural features) seen across a range of mental health presentations. This model proposes a novel conceptualisation of how transdiagnostic behaviours may maintain co-morbid mental health presentations by acting as a trigger event for the cognitive biases specific to each presentation. Drawing on existing evidence, psychological theory and the author’s clinical experience, the model organises complex presentations in a theory-driven yet accessible manner for use in clinical practice. The model offers both theoretical and clinical implications for the treatment of mental health presentations using cognitive behavioural approaches, positing that transdiagnostic behaviours be the primary treatment target in co-morbid presentations.

Most philosophers agree that an argument's presentation is relevant to its philosophical merit. This paper explains why David Hume considered presentation philosophically important. On Hume's epistemology, presentation is closely connected with two principal aims of philosophical arguments: persuasion and epistemic justification. Hume's views imply that presentation is a factor determining an argument's persuasiveness and that, by philosophical standards of justification, presentation is also a factor determining the extent to which an argument's conclusion is justified.

Little is known about longitudinal changes of the first twin presentation in twin gestations. This is a retrospective cohort study including 411 women who were admitted consecutively and delivered live-born twins at 36 weeks of gestation or more. Longitudinal assessment of the first twin presentation was conducted during gestation and at birth in all cases. Gestational age at antenatal assessment was divided into two intervals: early-third trimester (28–31 weeks) and mid-third trimester (32–35 weeks). Fetal presentation was categorized as vertex or non-vertex. We analyzed change of fetal presentation between antepartum intervals and birth. First twin presentation at early-third trimester had the same presentation at birth in 87.6% (360/411) of the study population. In this ‘no change’ group, vertex presentation was seen in 95.6% (283/296) and non-vertex was seen in 67.0% (77/115) of cases. In total, 96.1% (395/411) of the study population maintained their presentation between mid-third trimester and birth. Vertex presentation was seen in 98.4% (310/315) and non-vertex was seen in 88.5% (85/96) of cases. When comparing vertex with non-vertex, vertex presentation during third trimester was a more reliable predictor of presentation at birth (p < .001). The only factor that contributed significantly to spontaneous version of the first twin during mid-third trimester and birth was a lower birth weight of the first twin compared with the second twin. In conclusion, first twin presentation with vertex during third trimester is not likely to change into non-vertex at birth. We concluded that vertex presentation in twin gestations at early- and mid-third trimester is very predictable. In contrast, a non-vertex first twin presentation is relatively unstable.

We compute coherent presentations of Artin monoids, that is, presentations by generators, relations, and relations between the relations. For that, we use methods of higher-dimensional rewriting that extend Squier’s and Knuth–Bendix’s completions into a homotopical completion–reduction, applied to Artin’s and Garside’s presentations. The main result of the paper states that the so-called Tits–Zamolodchikov 3-cells extend Artin’s presentation into a coherent presentation. As a byproduct, we give a new constructive proof of a theorem of Deligne on the actions of an Artin monoid on a category.

The perinatal characteristics of 16 vaginal-abdominal deliveries of twins were evaluated. The primary indication for the cesarean delivery was compound vertex presentation (n = 4), prolapsed umbilical cord (n = 4), transverse lie (n = 7), and mentoposterior face presentation (n= 1). Ther outcome of Twin A was not different from that of Twin B. About 90% of the twins were eventually discharged on time. A significant correlation (R = 0.9722, p < 0.0003) was found between the reported rates of combined deliveries and cesareans in twins. The data suggest that a higher rate of combined deliveries is expected in practices where abdominal deliveries are performed more often in twin gestations, while in obstetric services with low cesarean rates in twins, combined deliveries seem to be unfortunate occurrences dictated by unexpected intrapartum events.

Four hundred and thirty-four twins delivered from 220 women at Notre-Dame Hospital were studied during a period of 11 years (1969–1979). The maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcome was compared before and after 1974, the year ultrasonography and other changes in perinatal care were introduced in our institution. Early diagnosis occurred more frequently after 1974, together with increased antenatal hospitalization. Preeclampsia and hepatic cholestasis occurred in 19.5% and 9.5% of women, respectively. Preterm delivery occurred in 42.2% of the cases. The corrected fetal mortality rate was 30.2/1,000 and corrected perinatal mortality rate was 74.9/1,000. About 90% of the neonatal deaths occurred in infants born before 36 weeks. Internal version and complete extraction of the second twin increased the neonatal mortality sixfold compared to spontaneous delivery. Availability of ultrasound examination significantly reduced preterm delivery.