The electron-beam-pumped KrF laser installation GARPUN with a 100-J
output energy and long 100-ns pulse duration has been used to
investigate laser–target interactions in a broad range of laser
intensities for small (150 μm) and large (∼1 cm) irradiated
spots. For higher intensities (up to 5 × 1012
W/cm2), a conical shock wave was generated in condensed
matter by megabar pressure at the ablation front. It propagated with a
supersonic velocity in a quasisteady manner together with a conical
shock wave inside a target. Evaporated target material moving with a
velocity of ∼50 km/s formed an extended plasma corona of ∼5
mm length with an electron temperature of ∼100 eV. Emission spectra
of plasma have been investigated in the extreme UV range 120–250
Å. For lower intensities (108–109
W/cm2), planar shock waves in normal density air were
produced with initial velocities up to 4 km/s in the forward
direction and 7 km/s in the opposite direction toward incident
radiation. In rarefied air, the forward shock wave kept velocities
constant whereas the backward ones were accelerated up to 30 km/s.
Planar compression waves in transparent condensed matter were also
demonstrated propagating with sonic velocity.